Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bladder cancer: the molecular progression to invasive disease

  • Published:
World Journal of Urology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Recent investigations have given a clearer insight into the genetic progression of bladder cancer. In this review we identify the clinical courses of bladder cancer, review the basic concepts of carcinogenesis, and focus on the specific cytogenetic and molecular alterations observed in bladder cancer. Progression models to superficial and invasive disease are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Silverberg E, Boring CC, Squires TS (1989) Cancer statistics. CA 39:1–26

    Google Scholar 

  2. Thompson IM, Fair WR (1989) The epidemiology of bladder cancer. AUA Update Ser 8:210–215

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wynder EL, Goldsmith R (1977) The epidemiology of bladder cancer. A second look. Cancer 40:1246

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kantor AF, Hartge P, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF Jr (1985) Familial and environmental interactions in bladder cancer risk. Int J Cancer 35:703–706

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cartwright RA, Glashan RW, Rogers HJ, Ahmad RA, Barham-Hall D, Higgins E, Kahn MA (1982) The role of N-acetyltransferase phenotypes in bladder carcinogenesis: a pharmacogenetic epidemiological approach to bladder cancer. Lancet II:842–846

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cairns P, Proctor AJ, Knowles MA (1991) Loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus is frequent and correlates with muscle invasion in bladder carcinoma. Oncogene 6:2305–2309

    Google Scholar 

  7. Skinner DG, Lieskovsky G (1988) Diagnosis and management of genitourinary cancer. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  8. Greene LF, Hanash KA, Farrow GM (1973) Benign papilloma or papillary carcinoma of the bladder? J Urol 110:205–207

    Google Scholar 

  9. Althusen AF, Prout GR, Daly JJ (1976) Noninvasive papillary carcinoma of the bladder associated with carcinoma in situ. J Urol 116:575–580

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sidransky D, Von Eschenbach A, Tsai YC, et al (1991) Identification of p53 gene mutations in bladder cancer und urine samples. Science 252:706–709

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hopman AHN, Moesken O, Smeets AWGB, Pairwels RPE, Vooijs P, Ramaekers FCS (1991) Numerical chromosome 1, 7, 9, and 11 aberrations in bladder cancer detected by in situ hybridization. Cancer Res 51:644–651

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hopman AHN, Ramaekers FCS, Vooijs GP (1990) Interphase cytogenetics of solid tumors. In: Polak JM, McGee JOD (eds) In situ hybridization principles and practices. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  13. Litt M, Luty JA (1989) Hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene. Am J Hum Genet 44:397–401

    Google Scholar 

  14. Spruck CH III, Rideout WM III, Olumi AF, et al. (1993) A distinct pattern of p53 mutations in bladder cancer: relationship to tobacco usage. Cancer Res 53:1162–1166

    Google Scholar 

  15. Esrig D, Spruck CH III, Nichols PW, et al. (1993) p53 Nuclear protein accumulation correlates with mutations in the p53 gene, tumor grade and stage in bladder cancer. Am J Pathol 143: 1389–1397

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jones PA, Droller MJ (1993) Pahtways of development and progression in bladder cancer: new correlations between clinical observations and molecular mechanisms. Semin Urol XI:177–192

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pode D, Fair WF (1988) The development of bladder cancer. AUA Update Ser 7:314

    Google Scholar 

  18. Solomon E, Borrow J, Goddard A (1991) Chromosome aberrations and cancer. Science 254:1153–1160

    Google Scholar 

  19. Watson JD, Gilman M, Witkowski J, Zoller M (1992) Recombinant DNA, 2nd edn. Scientific American Book, Salt Lake City, Utah

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sidransky D, Messing E (1992) Molecular genetics and biochemical mechanisms in bladder cancer. Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and growth factors. Urol Clin North Am 19:629–639

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sandberg AA (1992) Chromosome changes in early bladder neoplasms. J Cell Biochem 161:76–79

    Google Scholar 

  22. Comings DE (1973) A general theory of carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3324–3328

    Google Scholar 

  23. Herskowitz I (1991) Functional inactivation of genes by dominant negative mutations. Nature 329:219–222

    Google Scholar 

  24. Perucca D, Szepetowski P, Simon M-P, Guadray P (1990) Molecular genetics of human bladder carcinomas. Caner Genet Cytogenet 49:143–156

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wu S, Storer B, Bookland E, et al (1991) Nonrandom chromosome losses in stepwise neoplastic transformation in vitro of human uroepithelial cells. Cancer Res 51:3323–3326

    Google Scholar 

  26. Babu VR, Miles BJ, Cerney JC, et al (1988) A prospective study of 92 bladder cancer patients. Cytogenetics, histopathology and tumor behavior. Am J Hum Genet 43:19

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gibas Z, Prout GR, Pontes JE, et al (1986) A possilbe specific chromosome change in transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 19:229–238

    Google Scholar 

  28. Smeets W, Panwells R, Laarakkers L, et al (1987) Chromosomal analysis of bladder cancer. III. Nonrandom alterations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 29:29–41

    Google Scholar 

  29. Babu VR, Miles BJ, Cerney JC, et al (1989) Chromosome 21q22 deletion in a specific chromosome change in a new bladder cancer subgroup. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 38:127–129

    Google Scholar 

  30. Scott AA, Stanley W, Worsham GR, et al (1989) Aggressive bladder carcinomas in an adolescent. Am J Surg Pathol 13: 1057–2063

    Google Scholar 

  31. Tyrkus M, Powell I, Fakr W (1992) Cytogenetic studies of carcinoma in situ of the bladder: prognostic implications. J Urol 148:44–46

    Google Scholar 

  32. Mattei MG, De Thé H, Mattei JF, et al (1988) Assignment of the human hap retinoic acid receptor RAR B gene to the p24 basal on chromosome 3. Human Genet 80:189–190

    Google Scholar 

  33. De Bolla AR, Shave RM, Fagg SL, et al (1985) The influence of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) status of bladder tumors on the course of the disease. Br J Urol 57:676–679

    Google Scholar 

  34. Alfthan O, Tarkkanen J, Gröhn P, et al (1983) Tigason in prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder tumors. A double-blind clinical trial. Eur J Urol 9:6–9

    Google Scholar 

  35. Fearon ER, Cho KR, Nigro JM, et al (1990) Identification of a chromosome 18q gene that is altered in colorectal cancers. Science 247:49–56

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kinzler KW, Nilbert MC, Vogelstein B, et al (1991) Identification of a gene located at chromosome 5q21 that is mutated in colorectal cancers. Science 251:1366–1370

    Google Scholar 

  37. Borland NR, Brendler CB, Isaacs WB (1992) Molecular biology of bladder cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 6:31–35

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fujita J, Srivastava SK, Kraus MH (1985) Frequency of molecular alterations affecting ras protooncogenes in human urinary tract tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:3849–3853

    Google Scholar 

  39. Viola MV, Fromowitz F, Oravez S, et al (1985) ras Oncogene p21 expression is increased in premalignant lesions and high grade bladder cancer. J Exp Med 161:1213–1218

    Google Scholar 

  40. Waldman FM, Carroll PR, Kerschmann R, et al (1991) Centrometric copy number of chromosome 7 is strongly correlated with tumor grade and labeling index in human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 51:3807–3813

    Google Scholar 

  41. Horowitz JM, Park S, Bogenmann E, et al (1990) Frequent inactivation of the retinoblastoma antioncogene is restricted to a subset of human tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 2775–2779

    Google Scholar 

  42. Xu H, Cairns P, Hu S, et al (1993) Loss of RB protein expression in primary bladder cancer correlates with loss of heterozygosity at the RB locus and tumor progression. Int J Cancer 53:781–784

    Google Scholar 

  43. Tsai YC, Nichols PW, Hiti AL, et al (1990) Allelic loss of chromosomes 9, 11, and 17 in human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 50:44–47

    Google Scholar 

  44. Olumi AF, Tsai YC, Nichols PW, et al (1990) Allelic loss of chromosome 17p distinguishes high grade from low grade transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. Cancer Res 50:7081–7083

    Google Scholar 

  45. Olumi AF, Skinner EC, Tsai YC, Jones PA (1990) Molecular analysis of human bladder cancer. Semin Urol 8:270–277

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cairns P, Shaw ME, Knowles MA (1993) Preliminary mapping of the deleted region of chromosome 9 in bladder cancer. Cancer Res 53:1230–1232

    Google Scholar 

  47. Miyao N, Tsai YC, Lerner SP, et al (1993) The role of chromosome 9 in human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 53:4066–4070

    Google Scholar 

  48. Linnenbach AJ, Pressler LB, Seng BA, et al (1993) Characterization of chromosome 9 deletions in transitional cell carcinoma by microsatellite assay. Hum Mol Genet 2:1407–1411

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ruppert MJ, Tokino K, Sidransky D (1993) Evidence for two bladder cancer suppressor loci on human chromosome 9. Cancer Res 53:5093–5095

    Google Scholar 

  50. Davidoff AM, Kerns BM, Iglehart JD, Marks JR (1991) Maintenance of p53 alterations throughout breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 51:2605–2610

    Google Scholar 

  51. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B (1990) A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61:759–767

    Google Scholar 

  52. Tominaga O, Hamelin R, Remuikos Y, et al (1992) p53 From basic research to clinical application. CRC Crit Rev Oncog 3:257–282

    Google Scholar 

  53. Presti JC Jr, Reuter VE, Galan T, et al (1991) Molecular genetic alterations in superficial and locally advanced human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 51:5405–5409

    Google Scholar 

  54. Nigro JM, Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, et al (1989) Mutation in the p53 gene occurs in diverse human tumor types. Nature 342:705–708

    Google Scholar 

  55. Knudson AG (1971) Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:820–823

    Google Scholar 

  56. Knudson AG (1978) Retinoblastoma: a prospective hereditary neoplasm. Semin Oncol 5:57–60

    Google Scholar 

  57. Spruck CH III, Ohneseit PF, Gonzalez-Zulueta M, et al (1994) Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Res (in press)

  58. Anderson CK (1973) Current topics on the pathology of bladder cancer. Proc R Soc Med 66:283

    Google Scholar 

  59. Petersen I, Ohgaki H, Ludeke BI, Kleihues P (1993) p53 Mutations in phenacetin-associated human urothelial carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 14:2119–2122

    Google Scholar 

  60. Sidransky D, Frost P, Von Eschenbach A, et al (1992) Clonal origin of bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 326:737–740

    Google Scholar 

  61. Habuchi T, Takahashi R, Yamada H, et al (1993) Metachronous multifocal development of urothelial cancers by intraluminal seeding. Lancet 342:1087–1088

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, 90033-0800, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    A. R. Simoneau & P. A. Jones

Authors
  1. A. R. Simoneau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. A. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

ARS is supported in part by a fellowship awarded by the American Foundation for Urologic Disease via funds contributed by Microvasive

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Simoneau, A.R., Jones, P.A. Bladder cancer: the molecular progression to invasive disease. World J Urol 12, 89–95 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184243

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184243

Keywords

Search

Navigation