Abstract
SEM tribometric experiments were performed with polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) vs. poly-Si and Si(111) vs. Si(111) interfaces in moderate vacuum to 850°C, complementing similar recent experiments on Si(100) vs. Si(100). All friction data agree with a hypothesis associating the wear- and thermal desorption-induced generation and cooling-induced adsorptive passivation of dangling bonds on the sliding surfaces with high and low adhesion and friction, respectively. Strong additional evidence is given for a surface re- and deconstruction-induced, temporary reduction in high temperature friction. The wear rate of the various Si vs. Si specimens (on the order of 10-12 m3 /(N m)) specific to the wide temperature range vacuum test regimen is about 104 times higher than that of unpolished PCD films sliding against themselves under multi-GPa unit loads and similar environmental conditions. In contrast, the characteristic load-carrying capacity of the high-wearing Si, regardless of its crystal structure, was found to be only ∼ 1 MPa. The wear mechanism of the various Si crystallinities was heavily influenced by the agglomeration and plowing of the wear debris particles trapped in the contact zone.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.T. Howe, R.S. Muller, K.J. Gabriel and W.S.N. Trimmer, IEEE Spectrum 27 (7) (1990) 29.
M. Mehregany, S.D. Senturia and J.H. Lang, in: Tech. Digest, IEEE Solid State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head, NC, 1990.
Y.-C. Tai and R.S. Muller, Sensors and Actuators A21–A23(1990) 180.
K.J. Gabriel, F. Behi, R. Mahadevan and M. Mehregany, Sensors and Actuators, A21–A23 (1990) 184.
M.G. Lim, J.C. Chang, D.P. Schultz, R.T. Howe and R.M. White, in: Proc. IEEE MEMS '90 Conf., Napa Valley, CA, p. 82.
M. Mehregany, S.M. Phillips, E.T. Hsu and J.H. Lang, in: Tech. Digest, 67th Int. Conf. Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Transducers '91 (IEEE), p. 59.
K. Deng, W.H. Ko and G.M. Michal, in: Tech. Digest, 67th Int. Conf. Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Transducers '91 (IEEE), p. 213.
M. Mehregany and S.D. Senturia, IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices 39 (5) (1992) 1136.
A.P. Lee, A.P. Pisano and M.G. Lim, MRS Symp. Proc. Vol. 276 (1992) 67.
K. Deng and W.H. Ko, Sensors and Actuators A 35 (1992) 45.
B.K. Gupta, J. Chevallier and B. Bhushan, Trans. ASME, J. Tribol. 115 (1993) 392.
S. Venkatesan and B. Bhushan, Wear 171 (1994) 25.
E. Zanoria and S. Danyluk, Wear 162–164 (1993) 332.
E.S. Zanoria, S. Danyluk and M.J. McNallan, Tribol. Trans. 38 (1995) 721.
D.-S. Lim and S. Danyluk, J. Mater. Sci. 23 (1988) 2607.
S. Danyluk, S.-W. Lee and L.D. Dyer, Ceram. Bull. 69 (1990) 1712.
M.N. Gardos, Tribol. Lett. 2 (1996) 173.
M.N. Gardos, in: Protective Coatings and Thin Films, Proc. NATO Adv. Res. Workshop, May 30–June 5, 1996, NATO ARW Series (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht), in print.
K. Miyoshi, R.L.C. Wu and A. Garscadden, J. Appl. Phys. 74 (1993) 4446.
K. Miyoshi, NASA TM-106759, NASA Lewis Res. Center, Cleveland, OH, 1995.
S. Chandrasekar and B. Bhushan, Wear 153 (1992) 79.
Z. Feng, Y. Tzeng and J.E. Field, J. Phys. D 25 (1992) 1418.
M.T. Dugger, D.E. Peebles and L.E. Pope, in: Surface Science Investigations in Tribology: Experimental Approaches, eds. Y.-W. Chang, A.M. Homola and G.B. Street, ACS Symp. Ser. No. 485 (ACS Books, Washington, 1992) p. 72.
M.N. Gardos and B.L. Soriano, J. Mater. Res. 5 (1990) 2599.
M.N. Gardos, in: Synthetic Diamond: Emerging CVD Science and Technology, Electrochem. Soc. Monograph, eds. K.E. Spear and J.P. Dismukes (Wiley, New York, 1994) ch. 12, p. 419.
M.N. Gardos and K.V. Ravi, in: 4th Int. Symp. on Diamond Materials, The Electrochem Soc. Proc., Vol. 95–4 (1995) 415.
M.N. Gardos and K.V. Ravi, Dia. Films & Technol. 4 (1994) 139.
B.R. Lawn and D.B. Marshall, J. Res. NBS 89 (1984) 435.
K. Miyoshi and D.H. Buckley, ASLE Trans. 28 (1985) 296.
Y. Zhang, F. Zhang and G. Chen, J. Appl. Phys. 76 (1994) 7805.
D.J. Eaglesham, A.E. White, L.C. Feldman, N. Moriya and D.C. Jacobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (1993) 1643.
J.E. Field, The Properties of Diamond (Academic Press, London, 1979).
D.M. Follstaedt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1993) 1116.
P.J. Heshket, C. Ju, S. Gowda, E. Zanoria and S. Danyluk, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 (1993) 1080.
W.D. Harkins, J. Chem. Phys. 10 (1942) 268.
S.J. Lin, S.L. Lee, J. Hwang, C.S. Chang and H.Y. Wen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 (1992) 1559.
P.W. Pellegrini, C.E. Ludington and M.M. Weeks, J. Appl. Phys. 67 (1990) 1417.
B.G. Demczyk, R. Naik, G. Auner, C. Kota and U. Rao, J. Appl. Phys. 75 (1994) 1956.
T. Sakka, K. Toyoda and M. Iwasaki, Appl. Phys. Lett. 55 (1989) 1068.
C.M. Greenlief and M. Liehr, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 (1994) 601.
M.T. Schulberg, C.A. Fox, G.D. Kubiak and R.H. Stulen, J. Appl. Phys. 77 (1995) 3484.
B. Bhushan and S. Venkatesan, in: Adv. Info. Storage Syst., Vol. 5 (1993), ASME, p. 211.
B. Bhushan and V.N. Koinkar, J. Appl. Phys. 75 (1994) 5741.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gardos, M.N. Tribological behavior of polycrystalline and single-crystal silicon. Tribol Lett 2, 355–373 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00156908
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00156908