Abstract
Indirect evidence against the presence of C2 lines in umbral spectra is discussed. The dominant role of CO in the molecular equilibrium of C at umbral temperatures ensures that CN, CH and C2 lines are formed in the same atmospheric regions. Observations of CN and CH umbral lines are in good accord with predictions based on accepted umbral model atmospheres. This implies that C2 must follow the predictions and that it is too weak to contribute to the umbral spectrum. C2 lines in the photosphere and penumbrae are in excellent quantitative agreement with predictions. Additional tests are proposed.
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Lambert, D.L., Mallia, E.A. The possible presence of C2 lines in sunspot spectra. Sol Phys 31, 123–126 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00156077
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00156077