Abstract
Methods of calibrating infrared CO2 analysers for sensitivity to CO2 and water vapour are described. Equations to correct eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements are presented for: (i) analyser cross-sensitivity to water vapour and the effects of density fluctuations arising from atmospheric fluxes of water vapour and sensible heat, (ii) flux losses caused by signal processing and limited instrument frequency response for open- and closed-path CO2 analysers, and (iii) flux losses resulting from damping of concentration fluctuations in a tube used to sample air for closed-path CO2 analysers. Examples of flux corrections required for typical instruments are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson, D. E. and Verma, S. B.: 1985, ‘Turbulence Spectra of CO2, Water Vapor, Temperature and Wind Velocity Fluctuations over a Crop Surface’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 33, 1–14.
Brach, E. J., Desjardins, R. L., and StAmour, G. T.: 1981, ‘Open Path CO2 Analyser’, J. Phys. E. (Sci. Instrum.) 14, 1415–1419.
Denmead, O. T.: 1969, ‘Comparative Micrometeorology of a Wheat Field and a Forest of Pinus radiata’, Agric. Meteorol. 6, 357–371.
Denmead, O. T. and Bradley, E. F.: 1985, ‘Flux-Gradient Relationships in a Forest’, in B. A. Hutchison and B. B. Hicks (eds.), The Forest Atmosphere Interaction, pp. 421–442, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Jones, E. P., Ward, T. V., and Zwick, H. H.: 1978, ‘A Fast Response Atmospheric CO2 Sensor for Eddy Correlation Flux Measurements’, Atmos. Environ, 12, 845–851.
Kaimal, J. C., Wyngaard, J. C., Izumi, Y., and Coté, O. R.: 1972, ‘Spectral Characteristics of Surface-Layer Turbulence’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 98, 563–589.
Kays, W. M. and Crawford, M. E.: 1980, Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
Leuning, R., Denmead, O. T., Lang, A. R. G., and Ohtaki, E.: 1982, ‘Effects of Heat and Water Vapor Transport on Eddy Covariance Measurement of CO2 Fluxes’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 23, 209–222.
Moore, C. J.: 1986, ‘Frequency Response Corrections for Eddy Correlation Systems’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 37, 17–35.
Ohtaki, E.: 1985, ‘On the Similarity in Atmospheric Fluctuations of Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapour and Temperature over Vegetated Fields’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 32, 25–37.
Ohtaki, E. and Matsui, M.: 1982, ‘Infra-Red Device for Simultaneous Measurement of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 24, 109–119.
Parkinson, K. J.: 1971, ‘Carbon Dioxide Infra-Red Gas Analysis’, J. Exp. Bot. 22, 169–176.
Philip, J. R.: 1963a, ‘The Theory of Dispersal during Laminar Flow in Tubes. II’, Aust. J. Phys. 16, 300–310.
Philip, J. R.: 1963b, ‘The Damping of a Fluctuating Concentration by Continuous Sampling through a Tube’, Aust. J. Phys. 16, 454–463.
Raupach, M. R.: 1979, ‘Anomalies in Flux-Gradient Relationships over Forest’, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 16, 467–486.
Thom, A. S., Stewart, J. B. Oliver, H. R., and Gash, J. H. C.: 1975, ‘Comparison of Aerodynamic and Energy Budget Estimates of Fluxes over a Pine Forest’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 101, 93–105.
Webb, E. K., Pearman, G. I., and Leuning, R.: 1980, ‘Correction of Flux Measurements for Density Effects due to Heat and Water Vapour Transfer’, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 85–100.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leuning, R., Moncrieff, J. Eddy-covariance CO2 flux measurements using open- and closed-path CO2 analysers: Corrections for analyser water vapour sensitivity and damping of fluctuations in air sampling tubes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 53, 63–76 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122463
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122463