Ordering in systems with quadrupolar interactions is studied. Some properties of the anisotropic model are presented. The Bogoliubov inequality is applied to the isotropic model to show there is no ordering in one- or two-dimensional systems.
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Ritchie, D.S., Mavroyannis, C. Absence of ordering in quadrupolar systems of restricted dimensionality. J Low Temp Phys 32, 813–820 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056660
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00056660