Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cell and tissue cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don: a literature survey

  • Published:
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The literature concerning the formation of secondary metabolites in cell and tissue cultures ofCatharanthus roseus has been reviewed. Several aspects involved in the formation of secondary metabolites are discussed; e.g. regulation of secondary metabolism, environmental factors influencing secondary metabolism, biosynthesis and enzymology of the products, analysis of product formation, immobilization of cultured cells and stability of cell lines. Some economical aspects of production processes are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Carew DP (1966) Growth of callus tissue ofCatharanthus roseus in suspension cultures. J Pharm Sci 55: 1153

    Google Scholar 

  2. Carew DP (1975) Tissue culture studies ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Taylor WI, Farnsworth NR (eds) The Catharanthus Alkaloids. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, pp 193–208

    Google Scholar 

  3. Svoboda GH, Blake DA (1975) The phytochemistry and pharmacology ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. In: Taylor WI, Farnsworth NR (eds) The Catharanthus Alkaloids. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, pp 45–83

    Google Scholar 

  4. Neuss N (1980) The spectrum of biological activities of indole alkaloids. In: Phillipson JP, Zenk MH (eds) Indole and biogenetically related alkaloids. London, New York, Toronto, Sydney, San Francisco: Academic Press, pp 294–314

    Google Scholar 

  5. Beck WT (1984) Alkaloids. In: Fox BW, Fox M (eds) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Vol. 72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp 569–612

    Google Scholar 

  6. Heijden Rvan der, Verpoorte R, Harkes PAA (1988)Tabernaemontana spp; in vitro production of indole and biogenetically related alkaloids. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 3, Medicinal Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag, in press

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kurz WGW, Constabel F (1979) Plant cell cultures, a potential source of pharmaceuticals. Adv Apl Microbiol 25: 209–240

    Google Scholar 

  8. Staba EJ (1982) Production of useful compounds from plant tissue cultures. In: Fujiwara A (ed) Plant Tissue Culture 1982. Tokyo: Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, pp 25–30

    Google Scholar 

  9. Deus B, Zenk MH (1982) Exploitation of plant cells for the production of natural compounds. Biotechnol Bioeng 24: 1965–1974

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fowler MW (1983) Plant cell cultures: fact and fantasy. Biochem Soc Trans 11: 23–28

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fowler MW (1986) Process strategies for plant cell cultures. Tibtech-august 214–219

  12. Curtin ME (1983) Harvesting profitable products from plant tissue culture. Bio/technology 649–657

  13. Berlin J (1984) Plant cell cultures—a future source of natural products? Endeavour 8: 5–8

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fuller KW (1984) Chemicals from plant cell cultures-some biochemical and physiological pointers. Chem Ind 825–833

  15. DiCosmo F, Towers GHN (1984) Stress and secondary metabolism in cultured plant cells. In: Timmerman BN, Steelink C, Loewus FA (eds) Recent advances in phytochemistry 18. Phytochemical adaptations to stress. New York, London: Plenum Press, pp 97–175

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kurz WGW, Constabel F (1985) Aspects affecting biosynthesis and biotransformation of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. CRC Crit Rev Biotechn 2: 105–118

    Google Scholar 

  17. Misawa M (1985) Production of useful plant metabolites. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 31: 59–88

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sahai O, Knuth M (1985) Commercializing plant tissue culture processes: economics, problems and prospects. Biotechn Progr 1: 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kurz WGW (1986) Biological and environmental factors of product synthesis, accumulation, and biotransformation by plant cell cultures. New Zealand J Technol 2: 77–81

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rhodes MJC, Robins RJ, Hamill J, Parr AJ (1986) Potential for the production of biochemicals by plant cell cultures. New Zealand J Technol 2: 59–70

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hahlbrock K (1986) Secondary metabolites. In: Silver S (ed) Biotechnology: potentials and limitations. Dahlem Konferenzen 1986. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer Verlag, pp 241–257

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hay CA, Anderson LA, Roberts MF, Phillipson JD (1988) Alkaloid production by plant cell cultures. In: Mizrami A, Wezel ALvan (eds) Advances in biotechnological processes. New York: A.R. Liss, in press

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR (1981) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. V. Alkaloids from the 176G, 299Y, 340Y and 951G cell lines. J Nat Prod 44: 536–540

    Google Scholar 

  24. Scott AI, Mizukami H, Hirata T, Lee SL (1980) Formation of catharanthine, akuammicine and vindoline inCatharanthus roseus suspension cultures. Phytochemistry 19: 488–489

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F, Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR (1980) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. IV. Characterization of the 953 cell line. Helv Chim Acta 63: 1891–1896

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR (1980) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. III. Catharanthine and other alkaloids from the 200GW cell line. Heterocycles 14: 765–768

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F, Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR (1981) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. VIII. Characterization of the PRL 200 cell line. Planta Med 42: 22–31

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kohl W, Witte B, Höfle G (1982) Alkaloide ausCatharanthus roseus-zellkulturen, III. Z Naturforsch 37b: 1346–1351. Ibid. II, Z Naturforsch 36b: 1153–1162

    Google Scholar 

  29. Stöckigt J, Soll HJ (1980) Indole alkaloids from cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus andC. ovalis. Planta Med 40: 22–30

    Google Scholar 

  30. Petiard V, Gueritte F, Langlois N, Potier P (1980) Presence de (-)-tabersonine dans une souche de cultures de tissues deCatharanthus roseus G. Don. Physiol Vég 18: 711–720

    Google Scholar 

  31. Petiard V, Courtois D, Gueritte F, Langlois N, Mompon B (1982) New alkaloids in plant tissue cultures. In: Fujiwara A (ed) Plant Tissue Culture 1982. Tokyo: Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, pp 309–310

    Google Scholar 

  32. Petiard V, Courtois D (1983) Recent advances in research for novel alkaloids in Apocynaceae tissue cultures. Physiol Vég 21: 217–227

    Google Scholar 

  33. Krueger RJ, Carew DP, Lui JHC, Staba EJ (1982) Initiation, maintenance and alkaloid production ofCatharanthus roseus leaf organ cultures. Planta Med 45: 56–57

    Google Scholar 

  34. Gueritte F, Langlois N, Petiard V (1983) Metabolites secondaires isoles d'une culture de tissus deCatharanthus roseus. J Nat Prod 46: 144–148

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR, Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F (1980) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures: isolation and characterization of alkaloids from one cell line. Phytochemistry 19: 2589–2595

    Google Scholar 

  36. Constabel F, Gaudet-LaPrairie P, Kurz WGW, Kutney JP (1982) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. XII. Biosynthetic capacity of callus from original explants and regenerated shoots. Plant Cell Rep 1: 139–142

    Google Scholar 

  37. Patterson BD, Carew DP (1969) Growth and alkaloid formation inCatharanthus roseus tissue cultures. Lloydia 32: 131–140

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kohl W, Witte B, Sheldrick WS, Höfle G (1984) Indolalkaloide ausCatharanthus roseus-Zellkulturen IV: 16R-19,20-E-isositsirikin, 16R-19,20-Z-isositsirikin und 21-hydroxycyclolochnerin. Planta Med 50: 242–244

    Google Scholar 

  39. Knobloch KH, Berlin J (1980) Influence of medium composition on the formation of secondary compounds in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Z Naturforsch 35c: 551–556

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F, Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR (1980) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures: Initial studies on cell lines and their alkaloid content. Phytochemistry 19: 2583–2587

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zenk MH, El-Shagi H, Arens H, Stöckigt J, Weiler EW, Deus B (1977) Formation of the indole alkaloids serpentine en ajmalicine in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Barz W, Reinhard E, Zenk MH (eds) Plant tissue Culture and its Biotechnological Application. Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp 27–44

    Google Scholar 

  42. Endo T, Goodbody A, Misawa M (1987) Alkaloid production in root and shoot cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Planta Med 53: 479–482

    Google Scholar 

  43. Boder GB, Gorman M, Johnson IS, Simpson PJ (1964) Tissue culture studies ofCatharanthus roseus crown gall. Lloydia 27: 328–333

    Google Scholar 

  44. Svoboda GH, Oliver AT, Bedwell DR (1963) Alkaloids fromVinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus). XIX. Extraction and characterization of root alkaloids. Lloydia 26: 141–153

    Google Scholar 

  45. Hofmann W, Kubeczka KH, Czygan FC (1982) An improved method of isolation and quantitative determination of vincaleucoblastine from intact plants and tissue cultures ofCatharanthus roseus G. Don. Z Naturforsch 38c: 201–206

    Google Scholar 

  46. Miura Y, Hirata K, Kurana N (1986) Production of antitumor alkaloids in callus culture ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. In: Somers DA (ed) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 69

    Google Scholar 

  47. Miura Y, Hirata K, Kurano N, Miyamoto K, Uchida K (1988) Formation of vinblastine in multiple shoot culture ofCatharanthus roseus. Planta Med 54: 18–20

    Google Scholar 

  48. Lees L, Reporter M, Hsu S, Corbin J, Litchfield JH (1986) Lipids from aCatharanthus roseus cell line without indole alkaloids. In: Somers DA (ed) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 353

    Google Scholar 

  49. Knobloch KH, Bast G, Berlin J (1982) Medium and light induced formation of serpentine and anthocyanins in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Phytochemistry 21: 591–594

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kisakurek MV, Hesse M (1980) Chemotaxonomic studies of the Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae, with reference to indole alkaloids. In: Phillipson JP, Zenk MH (eds) Indole and biogenetically related alkaloids. London, New York, Toronto, Sydney, San Francisco: Academic Press, pp 11–26

    Google Scholar 

  51. Beek TAvan, Gessel MAJTvan (1988) Alkaloids ofTabernaemontana species. In: Pelletier SW (ed) Alkaloids: chemical and biological perspectives, Vol. 5. New York: Wiley and Sons, in press

    Google Scholar 

  52. Tin-Wa M, Farnsworth NR (1975) The phytochemistry of minorCatharanthus species. In: Taylor WI, Farnsworth NR (eds) TheCatharanthus alkaloids, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, pp 85–124

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F (1985) Biosynthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus cultivars. In: Neumann KH et al. (eds) Primary and secondary metabolism of plant cell cultures. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer Verlag, pp 143–153

    Google Scholar 

  54. Constabel F, Rambold S, Chatson KB, Kurz WGW, Kutney JP (1981) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. VI. Variation in alkaloid spectra of cell lines derived from one single leaf. Plant Cell Rep 1: 3–5

    Google Scholar 

  55. Petiard V, Baubault C, Bariud A, Hutin M, Courtois D (1985) Studies on variability of plant cell tissue cultures for alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus andPapaver somniferum callus cultures. In: Neumann KH et al. (eds) Primary and secondary metabolism of plant cell cultures. Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp 133–142

    Google Scholar 

  56. Cresswell RC (1986) Selection studies onCatharanthus roseus. In: Morris P et al. (eds) Secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 231–236

    Google Scholar 

  57. Brown S (1984) Analysis and sorting of plant material by flow cytometry. Physiol Vég 22: 341–349

    Google Scholar 

  58. Brown S, Renaudin JP, Prevot C, Guern J (1984) Flow cytometry and sorting of plant protoplast: technical problems and physiological results from a study of pH and alkaloids inCatharanthus roseus. Physiol Vég 22: 541–554

    Google Scholar 

  59. Yamada Y (1984) Selection of cell lines for high yields of secondary metabolites. Cell Cult Somatic Cell Gen Plants 1: 629–636

    Google Scholar 

  60. Courtois D (1985) Utilisation de la variabilité exprimée spontanément en culture en vue de l'obtention et de la production de métabolites. Bull Soc Bot Fr Actualités Bot 132: 105–112

    Google Scholar 

  61. Rideau M (1985) L'expression de la variabilité biochimique induite dans les cultures de tissues et de cellules. Bull Soc Bot Fr Actualités Bot 132: 51–64

    Google Scholar 

  62. Arfmann HA, Kohl W, Wray V (1985) Effect of 5-azacytidine on the formation of secondary metabolites inCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Z Naturforsch 40c: 21–25

    Google Scholar 

  63. Tyler RT, Kurz WGW, Panchuk BD (1986) Photoautotrophic cell suspension cultures of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.): Transition from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic growth. Plant Cell Rep 3: 195–198

    Google Scholar 

  64. Diaz Hernandez L, Lagunas Granja A, Castro Hernandez M, Lemes Hernandez M (1986) Polyploids ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. II. Morphological characterization and phytochemical evaluation. Rev Cubana Farm 20: 60–68

    Google Scholar 

  65. Morris P (1986) Regulation of product synthesis in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. II. Comparison of production media. Planta Med 52: 121–126

    Google Scholar 

  66. Eilert U, DeLuca V, Kurz WGW, Constabel F (1987) Alkaloid formation by habituated and tumorous cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Rep 6: 271–274

    Google Scholar 

  67. Shimomura K, Sakate M, Kamada H (1986) Production of useful secondary metabolites by hairy roots transformed with Ri plasmid. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 250

    Google Scholar 

  68. Okada K, Nagata T, Takebe I (1986) Introduction of RNA into plant protoplasts by electroporation. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 208

    Google Scholar 

  69. Scott AI, Mizukami H, Lee SL (1979) Characterization of a 5-methyltryptophan resistant strain ofCatharanthus roseus cultured cells. Phytochemistry 18: 795–798

    Google Scholar 

  70. Schallenberg J, Berlin J (1979) 5-Methyltryptophan resistant cells ofCatharanthus roseus. Z Naturforsch 34c: 541–545

    Google Scholar 

  71. Stanfford A, Fowler MW (1983) Effect of carbon and nitrogen limitation upon nutrient uptake and metabolism in batch cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 2: 239–251

    Google Scholar 

  72. Sasse F, Buchholz M, Berlin J (1983) Site of action of growth inhibitory tryptophan analogues inCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Z Naturforsch 38c: 910–915

    Google Scholar 

  73. Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50: 151–158

    Google Scholar 

  74. Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–479

    Google Scholar 

  75. Morris P (1986) Kinetics of growth and alkaloid accumulation inCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. In: Morris P et al. (eds) Secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 63–67

    Google Scholar 

  76. Smith JI, Quesnel AA, Smart NJ, Misawa M, Kurz WGW (1987) The development of a single-stage growth and indole alkaloid production medium forCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don suspension cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 9: 466–469

    Google Scholar 

  77. Berlin J, Mollenschott, DiCosmo F (1987) Comparison of various strategies designed to optimize indole alkaloid production of a cell culture ofCatharanthus roseus. Z Naturforsch 42c: 1959–1970

    Google Scholar 

  78. Merillon JM, Chenieux JC, Rideau M (1983) Time course of growth, evolution of sugar-nitrogen metabolism and accumulation of alkaloids in a cell suspension ofCatharanthus roseus. Planta Med 47: 169–176

    Google Scholar 

  79. Merillon JM, Rideau M, Chenieux JC (1984) Influence of sucrose on levels of ajmalicine, serpentine and tryptamine inCatharanthus roseus cells in vitro. Planta Med 48: 497–502

    Google Scholar 

  80. Carew DP, Krueger RJ (1977)Catharanthus roseus tissue culture: The effects of medium modifications on growth and alkaloid production. Lloydia 40: 326

    Google Scholar 

  81. Knobloch KH, Berlin J (1980) Effects of media constituents on the formation of secondary products in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Moo-Young M (ed) Adv Biotechnol Proc VIth Intern Ferm Symp. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp 129–133

    Google Scholar 

  82. Stafford A, Smith L (1986) Effects of modification of the primary precursor level by selection and feeding on indole alkaloids inCatharanthus roseus. In: Morris P et al. (eds) Secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 251–256

    Google Scholar 

  83. Slywka GW, Krueger RJ (1979) The influence of nitrate and ammonium levels on growth and alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus suspension cultures. J Nat Prod 42: 697

    Google Scholar 

  84. Hoopen HJGten, Vinke JL, Gulik WMvan, Meijer JJ, Verpoorte R, Harkes PAA, Iren Fvan (1987) The uptake kinetics of medium components during batch growth ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Neijssel et al. (eds) Proc 4th Eur Congr Biotechnol, Vol 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p 407

    Google Scholar 

  85. Döller G, Alfermann AW, Reinhard E (1976) Production von indolalkaloiden in calluskulturen vonCatharanthus roseus. Planta Med 30: 14–20

    Google Scholar 

  86. Ashihara H, Tokoro T (1985) Metabolic fate of inorganic phosphate absorbed by suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 118: 227–235

    Google Scholar 

  87. Ashihara H, Ukaji T (1986) Inorganic phosphate absorption and its effect on the adenosine 5≅triphosphate level in suspension cultured cells ofCatharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 124: 77–85

    Google Scholar 

  88. Ukaji T, Ashihara H (1987) Effect of inorganic phosphate on the levels of amino acids in suspension cultured cells ofCatharanthus roseus. Ann Bot 60: 109–144

    Google Scholar 

  89. Knobloch KH, Berlin J (1983) Influence of phosphate on the formation of the indole alkaloids and pheolic compounds in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. I. Comparison of enzyme activities and product accumulation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 2: 333–340

    Google Scholar 

  90. Knobloch KH, Hansen B, Berlin J (1981) Medium-induced formation of indole alkaloids and concomitant changes of interrelated enzyme activities in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Z Naturforsch 36c: 40–43

    Google Scholar 

  91. Brodelius P, Vogel HJ (1985) A phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study of phosphate uptake and storage in culturedCatharanthus roseus andDaucus carota plant cells. J Biol Chem 260: 3556–3560

    Google Scholar 

  92. MacCarthy JJ, Ratcliffe D, Street HE (1980) The effect of nutrient medium composition on the growth cycle ofCatharanthus roseus G. Don. cells grown in batch culture. J Exp Bot 31: 1315–1325

    Google Scholar 

  93. Wood HN, Braun AC (1961) The regulation of certain essential biosynthetic systems in normal and crown-gall tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 47: 1907–1913

    Google Scholar 

  94. Linsmaier EM, Skoog F (1965) Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 18: 100–127

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hall RD, Yeomann MM (1986) Factors determining anthocyanin yield in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. New Phytol 103: 33–43

    Google Scholar 

  96. Ambid C, Roustan JP, Nef C, Fallot J (1982) In: Fujiwara A (ed) Plant Tissue Culture 1982. Tokyo: Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, 331–332

    Google Scholar 

  97. Roustan JP, Ambid C, Fallot J (1982) Influence de l'acide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetiques sur l'accumulation de certains alcaloides indoliques dans les cellules quiescentes deCatharanthus roseus cultivée in vitro. Physiol Vég 20: 523–532

    Google Scholar 

  98. Merillon JM, Ramawat K, Andreu F, Chenieux JC, Rideau M (1986) Alkaloid accumulation inCatharanthus roseus cell lines subcultured with or without phytohormones. C R Acad Sci Ser 303 16: 689–692

    Google Scholar 

  99. Merillon JM, Ramawat KG, Chenieux JC, Rideau M (1986) Hormonal autotrophy and production of indole alkaloids inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 370

    Google Scholar 

  100. Palni LMS (1984) Cytokinin accumulation in the culture medium ofVinca rosea L. crown-gall tissue: a time course study. Aust J Plant Physiol 11: 129–136

    Google Scholar 

  101. Smith JI, Smart NJ, Kurz WGW, Misawa M (1987) Stimulation of indole alkaloid production in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus by abscisic acid. Planta Med 53: 470–474

    Google Scholar 

  102. Husemann W (1984) Photoautotrophic cell cultures. Cell Cult Somatic Cell Gen Plants 1: 182–191

    Google Scholar 

  103. Hall RD, Yeoman MM (1986) Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the accumulation of anthocyanins in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. J Exp Bot 37: 48–60

    Google Scholar 

  104. Carew DP, Krueger RJ (1976) Anthocyanidins ofCatharanthus roseus callus cultures. Phytochemistry 15: 442

    Google Scholar 

  105. Roller U (1978) Selection of plants and tissue cultures ofCatharanthus roseus with high content of serpentine and ajmalicine. In: Alfermann AW, Reinhard E (eds) Production of natural compounds by cell culture methods. München: Gesellschaft fur Strahlen-und Umwelt-forschung mbH, p.95

    Google Scholar 

  106. Loyola-Vargas VM, Velasco C, Mendez BM, Oropeza C, Reyes J, Robert ML (1986) Biosynthesis of alkaloids in green callus ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 67

    Google Scholar 

  107. De Luca V, Balsevich J, Tyler RT, Eilert U, Panchuk BD, Kurz WGW (1986) Biosynthesis of indole alkaloids: developmental regulation of the biosynthetic pathway from tabersonine to vindoline inCatharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 125: 147–156

    Google Scholar 

  108. Seibert M, Kadkade PG (1980) Environmental factors. A. Light. In: Staba EJ (ed) Plant Tissue Culture as a Source of Biochemicals. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp 123–141

    Google Scholar 

  109. Courtois D, Guern J (1980) Temperature response ofCatharanthus roseus cells cultivated in liquid medium. Plant Sci Lett 17: 473–482

    Google Scholar 

  110. Morris P (1986) Regulation of product synthesis in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Effect of culture temperature. Plant Cell Rep 5: 427–429

    Google Scholar 

  111. Morris P (1986) Long term stability of alkaloid production in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Morris P et al. (eds) Secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 257–262

    Google Scholar 

  112. MacCarthy JJ, Stumpf PK (1980) Fatty-acid composition and biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures ofGlycine max (L.) Merr.,Catharanthus roseus G. Don andNicotiana tabacum L. Planta 147: 384–388

    Google Scholar 

  113. Alexandrov VYA (1977) Cells, molecules and temperatures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag

    Google Scholar 

  114. Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Sleigh SK, Stuart KL, Worth BR, Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F (1981) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. VII. Effect of parameter changes and catabolism studies on cell line PRL No. 953. Helv Chim Acta 64: 1837–1843

    Google Scholar 

  115. Meijer JJ, Gulik WMvan, Hoopen HJGten, Luyben KChAM (1986) The influence of shear stress on growth and morphology ofCatharanthus roseus in continuous culture. In: Neijssel et al. (eds) Proc 4th Eur Congr Biotechnol, Vol 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier p 409

    Google Scholar 

  116. Schripsema J, Meijer AH, Langezaal CR, Harkes PAA, Verpoorte R, Baerheim Svendsen A (1987) Determination of the growth curve in a single culture flask. Pharm Weekbl Sc Ed 9: 226

    Google Scholar 

  117. Pareilleux A, Vinas R (1983) Influence of the aeration rate on the growth yield in suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. J Ferment Technol 61: 429–433

    Google Scholar 

  118. Ducos JP, Pareilleux A (1986) Effect of aeration rate and influence of pCO2 in large-scale cultures ofCatharanthus roseus cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 25: 101–105

    Google Scholar 

  119. Hegarty PK, Smart NJ, Scragg AH, Fowler MW (1986) The aeration ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don suspension cultures in airlift bioreactors, the inhibitory effect at high aeration rates on culture growth. J Exp Bot 37: 1911–1920

    Google Scholar 

  120. Maurel B, Pareilleux A (1985) Effect of carbon dioxide on the growth of cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Biotechn Lett 7: 313–318

    Google Scholar 

  121. Maurel B, Pareilleux A (1986) Carbon dioxide fixation and growth of heterotrophic cell suspensions ofCatharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 122: 347–355

    Google Scholar 

  122. Smart NJ, Fowler MW (1984) Mass cultivation ofCatharanthus roseus cells using a nonmechanically agitated bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 9: 209–216

    Google Scholar 

  123. Smith JI, Smart NJ, Quesnel AA, Misawa M, Kurz WGW (1986) Development and scale-up studies for the production of catharanthine by cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 248

    Google Scholar 

  124. Baily C, Nicholson H, Morris P, Smart NJ (1985) A simple model of growth and product formation in cell suspensions ofCatharanthus roseus. G. Don. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 11: 207–219

    Google Scholar 

  125. Schiel O, Berlin J (1987) Large scale fermentation and alkaloid production of cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 8: 153–162

    Google Scholar 

  126. Shuler ML, Hallsby GA (1985) Bioreactor considerations for chemical production from plant cell cultures. In: Biotechnology in Plant Science. London: Academic Press, pp 191–205

    Google Scholar 

  127. Rudge K, Morris P (1986) The effect of osmotic stress on growth and alkaloid accumulation inCatharanthus roseus. In: Morris P et al. (eds) Secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 75–81

    Google Scholar 

  128. Tanaka H, Hirao C, Semba H, Tozawa Y, Ohmomo S (1985) Release of intracellularly stored 5′-phosphodiesterase with preserved plant cell viability. Biotechnol Bioeng 27: 890–892

    Google Scholar 

  129. Krueger RJ, Carew DP (1978)Catharanthus roseus tissue culture: the effect of precursors on growth and alkaloid production. J Nat Prod 41: 327–331

    Google Scholar 

  130. Merillon JM, Doireau P, Guillot A, Chenieux JC, Rideau M (1986) Indole alkaloid accumulation and tryptophan decarboxylase activity inCatharanthus roseus cells cultured in three different media. Plant Cell Rep 5: 23–26

    Google Scholar 

  131. Lee SL, Cheng KD, Scott AI (1981) Effect of bioregulators on indole alkaloid biosynthesis inCatharanthus roseus cell culture. Phytochemistry 28: 1841–1843

    Google Scholar 

  132. Kutney JP, Aweryn B, Chatson KB, Kurz WGW (1985) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don cell cultures. XIII. Effects of bioregulators on indole alkaloid biosynthesis. Plant Cell Rep 4: 259–262

    Google Scholar 

  133. Bogoian RRD, Krueger RJ (1986) Xenobiotic production of an unusual BHT dimer byC. roseus (L.) G. Don suspension cultures. Abstr 27th Ann Meeting Am Soc Pharmacognosy, Ann Arbor, MI

  134. Giger ER, Kappeler W, Baumann TW, Frischknecht PM (1985) Stressinduzierte Alkaloidbildung in Suspensionskulturen vonCatharanthus roseus. Pharm Ztg 130: 2316/10

    Google Scholar 

  135. Kurz WGW, Constabel F, Eilert U, Tyler RT (1987) Elicitor treatment: a method for metabolite production by plant cell cultures in vitro. Proc Congr Fed Int Pharm, Amsterdam. In press

  136. DiCosmo F, Misawa M (1985) Eliciting secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. Trends Biotechnol 3: 318–322

    Google Scholar 

  137. Eilert U, Kurz WGW, Constabel F (1987) Alkaloid accumulation in plant cell cultures upon treatment with elicitors. In: Green CE et al. (eds) Plant Tissue and cell Culture. New York: A. R. Liss Inc, pp 213–219

    Google Scholar 

  138. Eilert U, Constabel F, Kurz WGW (1986) Elicitor-stimulation of monoterpene indole alkaloid formation in suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. J Plant Physiol 126: 11–22

    Google Scholar 

  139. Eilert U, DeLuca V, Constabel F, Kurz WGW (1987) Elicitor-mediated induction of tryptophan decaboxylase and strictosidine synthase activities in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Arch Biochem Biophys 254: 491–497

    Google Scholar 

  140. Tallevi SG, Smith J, Quesnel A, Misawa M, DiCosmo F (1986) Synthesis of indole alkaloids byCatharanthus roseus cell cultures is stimulated by fungal filtrates. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 65

    Google Scholar 

  141. DiCosmo F, Quesnel A, Misawa M, Tallevi SG (1987) Increased synthesis of ajmalicine and serpentine by cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus in response to fungal culture filtrates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 14: 101–106

    Google Scholar 

  142. Smith JI, Smart NJ, Misawa M, Kurz WGW, Tallevi SG, DiCosmo F (1987) Increased accumulation of indole alkaloids by some cell lines ofCatharanthus roseus in response to addition of vanadyl sulphate. Plant Cell Rep 6: 142–145

    Google Scholar 

  143. Heijden Rvan der, Verheij ER, Schripsema J, Baerheim Svendsen A, Verpoorte R, Harkes PAA (1988) Induction of triterpene biosynthesis by elicication in suspension cultures ofTabernaemontana species. Plant Cell Rep 7: 51–54

    Google Scholar 

  144. Frischknecht PM, Battig M, Baumann TW (1987) Effect of drought and wounding stress on indole alkaloid formation inCatharanthus roseus. Phytochemistry 26: 707–710

    Google Scholar 

  145. Mersey BG, Cutler AJ (1986) Differential distribution of specific indole alkaloids in leaves ofCatharanthus roseus. Can J Bot 64: 1039–1045

    Google Scholar 

  146. Stafford A, Smith L, Fowler MW (1985) Regulation of product synthesis in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 4: 83–94

    Google Scholar 

  147. Deus-Neumann B, Zenk MH (1984) Instability of indole alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell supension cultures. Planta Med 50: 427–431

    Google Scholar 

  148. Hall RD, Yeomann MM (1982) Anthocyanin production in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. In: Fujiwara A (ed) Plant Tissue Culture 1982. Tokyo: Japanese Association for Plant Tissue Culture, pp 281–282

    Google Scholar 

  149. Deus-Neumann B, Zenk MH (1984) A highly selective uptake system in vacuoles of higher plants. Planta 162: 250–260

    Google Scholar 

  150. Neumann D, Krauss G, Hieke M, Gröger D (1983) Indole alkaloid formation and storage in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Planta Med 48: 20–23

    Google Scholar 

  151. Courtois D, Kurkdjian A, Guern J (1980) Tryptamine uptake and accumulation byCatharanthus roseus cells cultivated in liquid medium. Plant Sci Lett 18: 85–96

    Google Scholar 

  152. Renaudin JP, Guern J (1982) Compartmentation mechanisms of indole alkaloids in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Physiol Vég 20: 533–547

    Google Scholar 

  153. Morris P (1986) Regulation of product synthesis in cell cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. III. Alkaloid metabolism in cultured leaf tissue and primary callus. Planta Med 52: 127–132

    Google Scholar 

  154. Barz W, Köster J (1981) Turnover and degradation of secondary (natural) products. In: Stumpf PK, Conn EE (eds) The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol. 7. London: Academic Press, pp 35–84

    Google Scholar 

  155. Cordell GA (1974) The biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. Lloydia 37: 219–298

    Google Scholar 

  156. Atta-ur-Rahman, Basha A (1983) Biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. Oxford: Clarendon Press

    Google Scholar 

  157. Potier P (1980) Synthesis of the antitumor dimeric indole alkaloids fromCatharanthus species (vinblastine group). J Nat Prod 43: 72–85

    Google Scholar 

  158. Verpoorte R (1986) Enzymen in de terpenoid-indoolalkaloid biosynthese. Een overzicht. Pharm Weekbl 121: 248–259

    Google Scholar 

  159. Noé W, Berlin J (1985) Induction of de-novo synthesis of tryptophan decarboxylase in cell suspensions ofCatharanthus roseus. Planta 166: 500–504

    Google Scholar 

  160. Uesato S, Kanomi S, Iida A, Inouye H, Zenk MH (1986) Mechanism for iridane skeleton formation in the biosynthesis of secologanin and indole alkaloids inLonicera tartarica, Catharanthus roseus and suspension cultures ofRauwolfia serpentina. Phytochemistry 25: 839–842

    Google Scholar 

  161. Schiel O, Berlin J (1986) Geraniol-10-hydroxylase ofCatharanthus roseus and its correlation with indole alkaloid biosynthesis. Planta Med 52: 422

    Google Scholar 

  162. Schiel O, Witte L, Berlin J (1987) Geraniol-10-hydroxylase and its relation to monoterpene indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Z Naturforsch 42c: 1075–1081

    Google Scholar 

  163. Treimer JF, Zenk MH (1979) Purification and properties of strictosidine synthase, the key enzyme in indole alkaloid formation. Eur J Biochem 101: 225–233

    Google Scholar 

  164. Mizukami H, Nordloev J, Lee SL, Scott AI (1979) Purification and properties of strictosidine synthetase (an enzyme condensing tryptamine and secologanin) fromCatharanthus roseus cultured cells. Biochemistry 18: 3760–3763

    Google Scholar 

  165. Pfitzner U, Zenk MH (1982) Immobilization of strictosidine synthase fromCatharanthus cell cultures and preparative synthesis of strictosidine. Planta Med 46: 10–14

    Google Scholar 

  166. Pennings EJM, Hegger I, Heijden Rvan der, Duine JA, Verpoorte R (1987) Assay of tryptophan decarboxylase fromCatharanthus roseus plant cell cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 165: 133–136

    Google Scholar 

  167. Pennings EJM, Bosch R van den, Heijden R van der, Duine JA, Verpoorte R (1988) Assay of strictosidine synthase from plant cell cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography. Submitted for publication

  168. Hemscheidt T, Zenk MH (1980) Glucosidases involved in indole alkaloid biosynthesis ofCatharanthus cell cultures. FEBS Lett 110: 187–191

    Google Scholar 

  169. Scott AI, Lee SL, De Capit EP, Culver MG, Hutchinson CR (1977) The role of isovincoside (strictosidine) in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. Heterocycles 7: 979–984

    Google Scholar 

  170. Pfitzner A, Stöckigt J (1982) Partial purification and characterization of geissoschizine dehydrogenase from suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Phytochemistry 21: 1585–1588

    Google Scholar 

  171. Hemscheidt T, Zenk MH (1985) Partial purification and characterization of a NADPH dependent tetrahydroalstonine synthase fromCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Rep 4: 216–219

    Google Scholar 

  172. Madyastha KM, Meehan TD, Coscia CJ (1979) Characterization of a cytochrome P-450 dependant monoterpene hydroxylase from the higher plantVinca rosea. Biochemistry 23: 1917–1922

    Google Scholar 

  173. Madyastha KM, Guarnaccia R, Baxter C, Coscia CJ (1983) S-adenosyl-L-methionine: loganic acid methyltransferase, a carboxyl-alkylating enzyme fromVinca rosea. J Biol Chem 248: 2497–2501

    Google Scholar 

  174. Noé W, Mollenschott C, Berlin J (1984) Tryptophan decarboxylase fromCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures: purification, molecular and kinetic data of the homogenous protein. Plant Mol Biol 3: 281–288

    Google Scholar 

  175. De Luca V, Balsevich J, Kurz WGW (1985) Acetyl coenzyme A: deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase, a novel enzyme fromCatharanthus. J Plant Physiol 121: 417–428

    Google Scholar 

  176. Fahn W, Gundlach H, Deus-Neumann B, Stöckigt J (1985) Late enzymes of vindoline biosynthesis. Acetyl-CoA:17-O-deacetyl-vindoline 17-O-acetyl-transferase. Plant Cell Rep 4: 333–336

    Google Scholar 

  177. Fahn W, Laussermaier E, Deus-Neumann B, Stöckigt J (1985) Late enzymes of vindoline biosynthesis. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:11-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline 11-O-methyltransferase and unspecific acetylesterase. Plant Cell Rep 4: 337–340

    Google Scholar 

  178. Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Honda T, Lewis NG, Sato T, Stuart KL, Worth BR (1982) Biosynthesis of the indole alkaloids. Cell-free systems fromCatharanthus roseus plants. Helv Chim Acta 65: 2088–2101

    Google Scholar 

  179. Stöckigt J, Gundlach H, Deus-Neumann B (1985) Disproof of the overall enzymatic biosynthesis of vindoline from tryptamine and secologanin by cell-free extracts from the leaves ofCatharanthus roseus (L.). G. Don. Helv Chim Acta 68: 315–318

    Google Scholar 

  180. Kutney JP, Aweryn B, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P (1981) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. IX. Biotransformation studies with 3′,4′-dehydrovinblastine. Heterocycles 16: 1169–1171

    Google Scholar 

  181. Kutney JP, Aweryn B, Choi LSL, Kolodziejczyk P, Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F (1982) Alkaloid production inCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. XI. Biotransformation of 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine to other bisindole alkaloids. Helv Chim Acta 65: 1271–1278

    Google Scholar 

  182. Kutney JP (1984) Studies in plant tissue culture. Synthesis and biosynthesis of clinically improtant anti-tumor agents. Pure Appl Chem 56: 1011–1024

    Google Scholar 

  183. McLauchlan WR, Hasan M, Baxter RL, Scott AI (1983) Conversion of anhydrovinblastine to vinblastine by cell-free homogenates ofCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Tetrahedron 39: 3777–3780

    Google Scholar 

  184. Endo T, Goodbody A, Vukovic J, Misawa M (1987) Biotransformation of anhydrovinblastine to vinblastine by a cell-free extract ofCatharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Phytochemistry 26: 3233–3234

    Google Scholar 

  185. Endo T, Goodbody A, Vukovic J, Chapple C, Misawa M, Choi LSL, Kutney JP (1986) Enzymatic synthesis of 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine by cell-free extracts from culturedCatharanthus roseus cells. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 143

    Google Scholar 

  186. Kutney JP (1987) Studies in plant tissue culture: The synthesis and biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. Heterocycles 25: 617–640

    Google Scholar 

  187. Balsevich J (1985) Biotransformation of 10-hydroxygeraniol and related compounds by a cell suspension culture ofCatharanthus roseus: the formation of reduced products. Planta Med 51: 128–132

    Google Scholar 

  188. Carew DP, Krueger RJ (1977) Metabolism of vindoline, catharanthine HCl and vinblastine sulfate by suspension cultures ofCatharanthus roseus. Phytochemistry 16: 1461

    Google Scholar 

  189. Sasse F, Buchholz M, Berlin J (1983) Selection of cell lines ofCatharanthus roseus with increased tryptophan decarboxylase activity. Z Naturforsch 38c: 916–922

    Google Scholar 

  190. Davis PJ (1984) Natural and semi-synthetic alkaloids. In: Rehm HJ, Reed G (eds) Biotechnology, Vol. 6a. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, pp 208–238

    Google Scholar 

  191. Rosazza JP, Duffel MW, Sariaslani FS, Eckenrode FM, Filippelli F (1985) Biotransformations of nonantibiotic antineoplastic agents. Developm Ind Microbiol 26: 157–167

    Google Scholar 

  192. Rosazza JPN, Duffel MW (1986) Metabolic transformations of alkaloids. In: Brossi A (ed) The Alkaloids, chemistry and pharmacology, Vol. 27. London, Orlando: Academic Press, Inc, pp 323–410

    Google Scholar 

  193. Carew DP, Bainbridge T (1976) Biotransformations with plant tissue cultures. Lloydia 39: 147

    Google Scholar 

  194. Vannereau A, Cosson L, Mestre JC, Vilagines R (1986) Induction and characterization of thioneinlike in Cd-resistantCatharanthus roseus suspension cultures. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 361

    Google Scholar 

  195. Grill E, Winnacker EL, Zenk MH (1985) Phytochelatins: the principal heavy metal complexing peptides of higher plants. Science 230: 674–676

    Google Scholar 

  196. Gallili GE, Yagen B, Mateles RI (1977) Hydroxylation of progesteron by plant cell suspension cultures ofVinca rosea. Phytochemistry 17: 578

    Google Scholar 

  197. Yagen B, Gallili GE, Mateles RI (1978) Progesteron biotransformation by plant cell suspension cultures. Appl Environm Microbiol 36: 213–216

    Google Scholar 

  198. Kergomard A, Renard MF, Veschambre H, Courtois D, Petiard V (1988) Reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones by plant suspension cultures. Phytochemistry 27: 407–409

    Google Scholar 

  199. Kohl W, Witte B, Höfle G (1983) Quantitative and qualitative HPLC-analysis of indole alkaloids fromCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. Planta Med 47: 177–182

    Google Scholar 

  200. Renaudin JP (1985) Extraction and fluorimetric detection after high performance liquid chromatography of indole alkaloids from cultured cells ofCatharanthus roseus. Physiol Vég 23: 382–388

    Google Scholar 

  201. Vendrig DEMM, Holthuis JJM, Erdelyi-Toth V, Hulshoff A (1987) Solid-phase extraction of vinblastine and vincristine from plasma and urine: variable drug recoveries due to non-reproducible column packings. J Chromatogr 414: 91–100

    Google Scholar 

  202. Baerheim Svendsen A, Verpoorte R (1983) Chromatography of alkaloids, part A: thin layer chromatography. J Chromatogr Library Vol 23a. Amsterdam, Oxford, Tokyo: Elsevier

    Google Scholar 

  203. Verpoorte R, Baerheim Svendsen A (1984) Chromatography of alkaloids, part B: gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Library Vol. 23b. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo: Elsevier

    Google Scholar 

  204. Drapeau D, Blanch HW, Wilke CR (1987) Liquid chromatographic isolation of vincristine and vinblastine. J Chromatogr 390: 297–306

    Google Scholar 

  205. Marr JGD, Horvath P, Clark BJ, Fell AF (1986) Assessment of peak homogeneity in HPLC by computer-aided photodiode array detection. Anal Proc 23: 254–256

    Google Scholar 

  206. De Smet M, Van Belle SJP, Storme GA, Massart DL (1985) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vinca alkaloids in plasma and urine. J Chromatogr 345: 309–321

    Google Scholar 

  207. Arens H, Stöckigt J, Weiler EW, Zenk MH (1978) Radioimmunoassay for the determination of the indole alkaloids ajmalicine and serpentine in plants. Planta Med 34: 37–46

    Google Scholar 

  208. Westekemper P, Wieczorek U, Gueritte F, Langlois N, Langlois Y, Potier P, Zenk MH (1980) Radioimmunoassay for the determination of the indole alkaloid vindoline inCatharanthus. Planta Med 39: 24–37

    Google Scholar 

  209. Kutney JP, Choi LSL, Worth BR (1980) Radioimmunoassay determination of vindoline. Phytochemistry 19: 2083–2087

    Google Scholar 

  210. Lapinjoki S, Veraejaenkorva H, Heiskanen J, Niskanen M, Huhtikangas A, Lounasmaa M (1987) Immunoanalytical methods for screening vindoline fromCatharanthus roseus cell cultures. Planta Med 53: 565–567

    Google Scholar 

  211. Deus-Neumann B, Stöckigt J, Zenk MH (1987) Radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of catharanthine. Planta Med 53: 184–188

    Google Scholar 

  212. Huhtikangas A, Lehtola T, Lapinjoki S, Lounasmaa M (1987) Specific radioimmunoassay for vincristine. Planta Med 53: 85–87

    Google Scholar 

  213. Lapinjoki SP, Veranjankorva HM, Huhtikangas AE, Lehtola TJ, Lounasmaa M (1986) An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the antineoplastic agent vincristine. J Immunoassay 7: 113–128

    Google Scholar 

  214. Weiler EW, Zenk MH, unpublished results.

  215. Tanahashi T, Nagakura N, Inouye H, Zenk MH (1984) Radioimmunoassay for the determination of loganin and the biotransformation of loganin to secologanin by plant cell cultures. Phytochemistry 23: 1917–1922

    Google Scholar 

  216. Payne GF, Shuler ML (1986) Alkaloid recovery for plant cell systems. Biotechnol Bioeng Symp 15(1985): 634–638

    Google Scholar 

  217. Seitz U, Reuff I, Reinhard E (1985) Cryopreservation of plant cell cultures. In: Neumann KH et al. (eds) Primary and secondary metabolism of plant cell cultures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp 323–333

    Google Scholar 

  218. Kartha KK, Leung NL, Gaudet-LaPrairie P, Constabel F (1982) Cryopreservation of periwinkle,Catharanthus roseus cells cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Rep 1: 135–138

    Google Scholar 

  219. Chen THH, Kartha KK, Constabel F, Gusta LV (1984) Freezing characteristics of culturedCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don cells treated with dimethylsulfoxide and sorbitol in relation to cryopreservation. Plant Physiol 75: 720–725

    Google Scholar 

  220. Chen THH, Kartha KK, Leung NL, Kurz WGW, Chatson KB, Constabel F (1984) Cryopreservation of alkaloid producing cell cultures of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Plant Physiol 75: 726–731

    Google Scholar 

  221. Schrijnemakers EWM, Iren Fvan (1987) Cryopreservation of cell suspension cultures of several plant species. In: Neijssel OM et al. (eds) Proc 4th Eur Congr Biotechnol, Vol. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p 412

    Google Scholar 

  222. Petiard V (1987) Industrial applications of plant biotechnology. In: Neijssel OM et al. (eds) Proc 4th Eur Congr Biotechnol, Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p 20

    Google Scholar 

  223. Mathias SF, Franks F, Hatley RHM (1986) Preservation of viable plant tissue cultures by undercooling. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p234

    Google Scholar 

  224. Christen AA (1986) Semi-liquid suspension cell culture of plant cells. In: Somers DA et al. (eds) VI Int Congr Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Minneapolis: International Association for Plant Tissue Culture, p 230

    Google Scholar 

  225. Brodelius P, Mosbach K (1982) Immobilized plant cells. Adv Appl Microbiol 28: 1–26

    Google Scholar 

  226. Knorr D, Miazga SM, Teutonico RA (1985) Immobilization and permeabilization of cultured plant cells. Food Technol (October): 135–142

  227. Vogel HJ, Brodelius P (1984) An in vivo31P NMR comparison of freely suspended and immobilizedCatharanthus roseus plant cells. J Biotechnol 1: 159–170

    Google Scholar 

  228. Majerus F, Pareilleux A (1986) Alkaloid accumulation in Ca-alginate entrapped cells ofCatharanthus roseus: using a limiting growth medium. Plant Cell Rep 5: 302–305

    Google Scholar 

  229. Brodelius P, Nilsson K (1983) Permeabilization of immobilized plant cells, resulting in release of intracellularly stored products with preserved cell viability. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 17: 275–280

    Google Scholar 

  230. Felix H, Brodelius P, Mosbach K (1981) Enzyme activities of the primary and secondary metabolism of simultaneously permeabilized and immobilized plant cells. Anal Biochem 116: 462–470

    Google Scholar 

  231. Lundberg P, Linsefors L, Vogel HJ, Brodelius P (1986) Permeabilization of plant cells:31P NMR studies on the permeability of the tonoplast. Plant Cell Rep 5: 13–16

    Google Scholar 

  232. Harkes PAA, Hoekstra SS, Verpoorte R, in preparation

  233. Veltkamp E, Breteler H, Huizing H, Bertola MA (1985) Het belang van industriële plantebiotechnologie (eds) Plant Biotechnology in the Netherlands-Industrial use of plant cells: requirements and possibilities (studierapport 14g). The Hague: Nationale Raad voor Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, pp 9–29

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy, Center for Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands

    Robert Van Der Heijden & Robert Verpoorte

  2. Department of Biochemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, the Netherlands

    Hens J. G. Ten Hoopen

Authors
  1. Robert Van Der Heijden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert Verpoorte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hens J. G. Ten Hoopen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Van Der Heijden, R., Verpoorte, R. & Ten Hoopen, H.J.G. Cell and tissue cultures ofCatharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don: a literature survey. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 18, 231–280 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00043397

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00043397

Key words

Search

Navigation