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On the plurality of Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller) (Cladocera, Chydoridae), and designation of a neotype from Sjaelsø, Denmark

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Abstract

Two readily distinguishable species of Chydorus sphaericus sens. lat. occur in Salmon Lake, Montana, differing from each other in size and shape of rostrum, headpore configuration, frequency of doubling of teeth on the postabdomen, pattern of reticulation of the shell, and morphology of the mature male, especially the postabdomen, postabdominal claws, copulatory hooks, and rostrum. In any such comparisons, individual specimens are not sufficient; populations are needed to sort out morphological characters associated with instar and sex and character's that change with increasing body size. Comparison of population structure and stage of reproduction can be accomplished by a size-frequency distribution and by specific morphological characters that enable the three male instars to be recognized individually.

One species, thought at first to be Chydorus herrmanni, is very close to Chydorus sphaericus sens. str. from Denmark. The other taxon with a short, generally blunt labrum, is described as the new species Chydorus brevilabris. Because of morphological diversity among the entities currently listed as Chydorus sphaericus from around the World, it is certain that a complex of species is represented. To facilitate the eventual resolution of this problem, the population in Sjaelsø, Sjaelland, Denmark has arbitrarily been selected as the standard of comparison, and from this population a neotype and several allotypes have been designated. Cursory examination of various available populations suggests that C. sphaericus sens. str. and C. brevilabris represent a major dichotomy in the sphaericus complex, each branch consisting of an unknown number of closely-related species. Cautions are voiced against assuming that Chydorus sphaericus is a single cosmopolitan and ubiquitous species.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 07405, USA

    David G. Frey

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  1. David G. Frey
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This study has been aided by grant GB-29725 for the work in Denmark in 1971–72 and by my present grant DEB 76-20237, both from the National Science Foundation. I am indebted to D. F. Brakke for the samples from Salmon Lake and neighboring localities in Montana and information concerning these localities, and to Brenda J. Hann for dissections and drawings of trunk limbs and help in their interpretation. I am also indebted to Geoffrey Fryer, whose innocent inquiry precipitated this study.

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Frey, D.G. On the plurality of Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. Müller) (Cladocera, Chydoridae), and designation of a neotype from Sjaelsø, Denmark. Hydrobiologia 69, 83–123 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016540

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