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Evaluation of Genetic Stability of In Vitro Raised Orchids Using Molecular-Based Markers

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Commercial Scale Tissue Culture for Horticulture and Plantation Crops

Abstract

Orchids comprise some of the world’s most valuable floricultural and ornamental plants. Apart from their beauty, they also possess valuable phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, bibenzyl derivatives, and phenanthrenes that are responsible for their medicinal properties. Unfortunately, several orchid species are considered to be threatened due to over-exploitation by orchid lovers and pharmaceutical companies. The conventional mode of propagation is not suitable for conserving orchids because of their delicate seeds. Therefore, micropropagation serves as an age-old reliable alternative method for propagating orchids. However, in vitro regeneration’s major concerns are genetic instability of the in vitro regenerants, which might be due to somaclonal variation. Several factors such as media composition, the concentration of plant growth regulators, and culture duration might induce somaclonal variation. Therefore, evaluation of genetic stability of in vitro raised orchids is necessary for large-scale cultivation. DNA-based molecular markers such as RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, and ISSR are commonly used markers to evaluate the genetic stability of the in vitro regenerants. With the advancement of molecular techniques, advanced markers such as mitochondrial and chloroplast-based microsatellites and retrotransposon markers are being used as they reveal genetic information through increased genome coverage. Nowadays, flow cytometry analysis is also being used to ascertain the genetic fidelity of in vitro raised plants by evaluating the ploidy level and genome size of in vitro propagated plants. This chapter summarizes the employment of different molecular markers used for assessing the genetic fidelity of in vitro raised orchids.

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  1. Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha‘O’Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Priyanka Mohapatra, Asit Ray & Sudipta Jena

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  1. Priyanka Mohapatra
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  2. Asit Ray
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  1. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

    Shubhpriya Gupta

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Preeti Chaturvedi

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Mohapatra, P., Ray, A., Jena, S. (2022). Evaluation of Genetic Stability of In Vitro Raised Orchids Using Molecular-Based Markers. In: Gupta, S., Chaturvedi, P. (eds) Commercial Scale Tissue Culture for Horticulture and Plantation Crops . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0055-6_13

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