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Biological and Nonbiological Approaches for Treatment of Cr(VI) in Tannery Effluent

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Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 18))

Abstract

Leather tanneries are major source of hexavalent chromium contamination in the biosphere. Chromium (Cr) is being considered as an essential heavy metal extensively used in different industrial sectors for example, leather, paint, textile, and electroplating. A characteristic feature of chromate is its environmental mobility and consequently is a cause of environmental risk. Cr(VI) belongs to group A human carcinogen due to its mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity in plants, animals, and humans, therefore causing serious health issues in all living beings. Conventional methods for chromate removal includes ion exchange, chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, and electrochemical from tannery effluents. These procedures are effective but require high energy and chemical consumption that may produce secondary problems such as corrosion, spillage, and toxicity. So, the need of the hour is to develop eco-friendly techniques for efficient Cr(VI) removal. Therefore, bioremediation is an effective alternate for reclamation of contaminated sites. Bioremediation is the biological approach to degrade heavy metals using indigenous microorganisms. Microbes such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae have the ability to survive under harsh environmental conditions. These microbes are proficient to reduce toxic Cr(VI) into less toxic Cr(III) by various cellular mechanisms. Therefore, environment friendly, economical, and effective strategies are needed to reduce chromate pollution in the surroundings. Thus, this chapter gives detailed information on production and properties of tannery effluent, environmental pollution, and health hazards of tannery effluent, biological and nonbiological methodologies for the effluent remediation. Moreover, the pros and cons of current processes have also been briefly discussed in this chapter.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for the financial assistance of the project NRPU (3743).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Asma Kalsoom & Rida Batool

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  1. Asma Kalsoom
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  2. Rida Batool
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Correspondence to Rida Batool .

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Naresh Bharagava

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Kalsoom, A., Batool, R. (2020). Biological and Nonbiological Approaches for Treatment of Cr(VI) in Tannery Effluent. In: Bharagava, R. (eds) Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 18. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1390-9_7

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