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Microglia in Parkinson’s Disease

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Neuroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1175))

Abstract

Microglia are the most abundant immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), where they interact with neurons and exhibit a wide array of functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Physiologically, microglia mediate synaptic pruning and remodeling crucial for neural circuits and brain connectivity. In pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration in the Parkinson’s disease (PD), microglia are activated, migrated to the injury site, and prone to engulf debris, sense pathology, and secrete possible pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Microglia mediate responses such as inflammation and phagocytosis associated with neurodegeneration and are pivotal players in exacerbating or relieving disease progression. This chapter provides an overview on microglial function in the neurodegenerative disease—Parkinson’s disease (PD). An overview on the pathology of PD will first be given, followed by discussion on receptors and signaling pathways involved in microglia-mediated inflammation and phagocytosis. Mechanism of how microglia contribute to PD by inflammation, phagocytosis of α-Synuclein (α-Syn), and interaction with PD genes will also be discussed.

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Acknowledgements

My sincere apologies to colleagues in the field whose work I was not able to mention because of space limitations. Work in the MH laboratory is supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2013CB945602) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871039). We would like to thank Honglei Wang for the illustrations and all members of the MH laboratory for comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

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  1. School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, #B416, L Building, #230 Haike Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201210, China

    Margaret S. Ho

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  1. Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Alexei Verkhratsky

  2. School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

    Margaret S. Ho

  3. Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Robert Zorec

  4. Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

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Ho, M.S. (2019). Microglia in Parkinson’s Disease. In: Verkhratsky, A., Ho, M., Zorec, R., Parpura, V. (eds) Neuroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1175. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_13

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