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Energy Conservation in Heliobacteria: Photosynthesis and Central Carbon Metabolism

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The Structural Basis of Biological Energy Generation

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 39))

Summary

Heliobacteria are a group of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria that use a unique pigment, bacteriochlorophyll g, for photosynthetic energy conversion within a type I homodimeric reaction center. Like their nonphotosynthetic relatives the clostridia, heliobacteria have a gram-positive cell structure and can form heat-resistant endospores. Heliobacteria are also unusual in that they are the only anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophs that lack a mechanism for autotrophic growth. Growth of heliobacteria is therefore dependent upon the presence of usable organic carbon sources and occurs either photoheterotrophically or chemotrophically (via pyruvate fermentation). While knowledge of heliobacterial photosynthesis and physiology has steadily increased since the relatively recent discovery of these phototrophs in the 1980s, high-resolution structural data pertaining to features of the heliobacterial photosynthetic apparatus are not yet available. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of energy conservation in heliobacteria as it relates to central carbon metabolism (in both light and dark conditions), electron transport, and light harvesting and photochemistry within the reaction center.

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Abbreviations

A0 :

– Chlorophyll acting as an electron carrier within a reaction center;

A1 :

– Quinone acting as an electron carrier within a reaction center;

ATP:

– –Adenosine triphosphate;

BChl:

– –Bacteriochlorophyll;

Chl:

– Chlorophyll;

CoA:

– Coenzyme A;

ED pathway:

– –Entner-Doudoroff pathway;

EMP pathway:

– Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway;

FeS-type RC:

– –Reaction center where iron-sulfur clusters are the terminal electron carriers;

FX FA, FB :

– Iron-sulfur electron carrier;

GSB:

– Green sulfur bacteria;

KDH:

– α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase;

OTCA cycle:

– Oxidative or forward tricarboxylic acid cycle;

P800 :

– Primary electron donor in the heliobacterial RC;

PEPCK:

– Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase;

PFOR:

– Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase;

PSI:

– Photosystem I;

Q-type RC:

– Reaction center where quinones are the terminal electron acceptors;

RC:

– Reaction center;

RTCA cycle:

– Reductive or reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle;

TCA cycle:

– Tricarboxylic acid cycle

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. Robert Blankenship and Michael Madigan for helpful comments and discussions during the preparation of the manuscript and Ann Sattley for assistance in preparing some of the figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Natural Sciences, Indiana Wesleyan University, 4201 S. Washington St., Marion, IN, 46953-4974, USA

    W. Matthew Sattley

  2. Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W, 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1292, USA

    Marie Asao

  3. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA

    Joseph Kuo-Hsiang Tang

  4. Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1663, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM, 87185-1413, USA

    Aaron M. Collins

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    Martin F. Hohmann-Marriott

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Sattley, W.M., Asao, M., Tang, J.KH., Collins, A.M. (2014). Energy Conservation in Heliobacteria: Photosynthesis and Central Carbon Metabolism. In: Hohmann-Marriott, M. (eds) The Structural Basis of Biological Energy Generation. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 39. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8742-0_13

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