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Diversity and integration of life-cycle controls in insects

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Insect life-cycle polymorphism

Part of the book series: Series Entomologica ((SENT,volume 52))

Abstract

An ecological view of insect life cycles provides a broad context for the polymorphism and polyphenism that characterize many such life cycles. Selective forces are diverse; consequently, adaptations that budget time represent trade-offs among different objectives. Many different patterns of trade-offs in time and energetic resources, for example between duration of development and size, size and fecundity, and fecundity and longevity, appear in different species. Moreover, these various components interact more widely. In addition, many environmental factors are available for use in the proximate control of development. Therefore, temporal control can be achieved in many different ways.

The resulting complexity of life cycles in insects can best be understood by emphasizing their continuity as integrated pathways of development. Such integrated systems achieve a balance between seasonal synchrony, flexibility, and variability. Life cycles can be considered to comprise a series of decision points, each of which leads to a particular route of development, for example diapause or non-diapause. “Polymorphic” responses reflect the fact that even in a single species more than one alternative route may be advantageous, depending on environmental circumstances.

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Danks, H.V. (1994). Diversity and integration of life-cycle controls in insects. In: Danks, H.V. (eds) Insect life-cycle polymorphism. Series Entomologica, vol 52. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1888-2_2

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