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The Varieties of Unity: Sounding Unified Theories 1920–1930

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Revisiting the Foundations of Relativistic Physics

Abstract

The “goal of the ultimate“1 — that is, the unification of all fundamental physical phenomena in a single explanatory scheme — had perhaps never seemed so close at hand for many physicists and mathematicians as in the third decade of the twentieth century. And if there were those who saw a great promise in this, there were equally those who opposed it.2 Even among its partisans, just what such an ‘ultimate’ might resemble was not clear, its scope and its formulation seemed infinitely extendible, varying by author and even in the same author, by period. Hermann Weyl’s trajectory provides an object lesson on this theme. In 1919, the preface to the third edition of his celebrated Raum, Zeit, Materie, devoted to an exposition of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, hopefully announced:

A new theory by the author has been added, which ... represents an attempt to derive from world-geometry not only gravitational but also electromagnetic phenomena. Even if this theory is still only in its infant stage, I feel convinced that it contains no less truth than Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation3 (Weyl 1919, vi).

Die voraussetzungen, mit denen wir beginnen, sind keine will-kürlichen, keine Dogmen, es sind wirkliche Voraussetzungen, von denen man nur in der Einbildung abstrahieren kann. Es sind die wirklichen Individuen, ihre Aktion und ihre materiellen Lebensbedingungen, sowohl die vorgefundenen wie die durch ihre eigne Aktion erzeugten. Die Voraussetzungen sind also auf rein empirischem Wege konstratierbar. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Deutsche Ideologie

To John Stachel, in affection and comradeship.

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  1. CNRS — Université de Paris Sud (UMR 8628), Université de Paris 8, Paris

    Catherine Goldstein & Jim Ritter

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Jürgen Renn Lindy Divarci Petra Schröter Abhay Ashtekar Robert S. Cohen Don Howard Sahotra Sarkar Abner Shimony

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Goldstein, C., Ritter, J. (2003). The Varieties of Unity: Sounding Unified Theories 1920–1930. In: Renn, J., et al. Revisiting the Foundations of Relativistic Physics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0111-3_6

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