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Cadmium Toxicity in Plants

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Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality

Part of the book series: Metal Ions in Life Sciences ((MILS,volume 11))

Abstract

Cadmium is an important pollutant in the environment, toxic to most organisms and a potential threat to human health: Crops and other plants take up Cd from the soil or water and may enrich it in their roots and shoots. In this review, we summarize natural and anthropogenic reasons for the occurrence of Cd toxicity, and evaluate the observed phytotoxic effects of plants growing in Cd-supplemented soil or nutrient solution. Cd-induced effects include oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inhibition of the photosynthetic apparatus, and inhibition of root metabolism. We explain proposed and possible interactions between these modes of toxicity. While discussing recent and older studies, we further emphasize the environmental relevance of the experiments and the physiological response of the plant.

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Abbreviations

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

ATP:

adenosine 5'-triphosphate

CAT:

catalase

Chl:

chlorophyll

DAB:

diaminobenzidine

dNTP:

deoxyribonucleotide

ETDA:

ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

F0 :

minimal fluorescence quantum yield of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence of a photosynthetic organism in dark adapted state, when the plastoquinone pool is completely oxidized

Fm :

maximal fluorescence quantum yield of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence of a photosynthetic organism in dark adapted state during an oversaturating light flash, leading to complete reduction of the plastoquinone pool

Fv :

Fm–F0 = variable fluorescence

GR:

glutathione reductase

GSH:

glutathione

LHC II:

light harvesting complex II

MI:

mitotic index, number of cells in metaphase stage

MN:

micronucleus

NADPH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PS I:

photosystem I

PS II:

photosystem II

RAPD:

rapid amplification of polymorphism DNA analyses

RC:

reaction center

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RuBisCO:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-carboxylase/-oxygenase

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SMART:

somatic mutation and recombination test

WT:

wild-type

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, projects KU 1495/7-1 and KU 1495/8-1), the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI), and the University of Konstanz for financial support.

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  1. Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany

    Elisa Andresen & Hendrik Küpper

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    Astrid Sigel

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    Helmut Sigel

  3. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    Roland KO Sigel

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Andresen, E., Küpper, H. (2013). Cadmium Toxicity in Plants. In: Sigel, A., Sigel, H., Sigel, R. (eds) Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_13

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