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Tumor-Localized Insult Delivered by Photodynamic Therapy and the Breakdown of Tumor Immunotolerance

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Tumor Ablation

Part of the book series: The Tumor Microenvironment ((TTME,volume 5))

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically established modality for the treatment of cancerous and other diseased tissue by localized activation of a photoreactive drug with light to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species in targeted lesions. The nature of insult inflicted on tissue by PDT classifies it with cancer therapies including hyperthermia, cryoablation, and electric field ablation, which produce a prompt trauma at the treated site and rapid dramatic changes in tumor microenvironment. This type of insult (regardless that it is induced in the tumor) is sensed as a threat to tissue integrity and homeostasis at the affected site, and provokes canonical responses evolved for dealing with localized injury. Thus the principal protective effector process engaged by the host following tumor PDT is a strong acute inflammatory reaction tasked with isolating the affected area, neutralizing focal source of danger by eliminating injured cells and debris, and securing local healing with the restoration of tissue function. The key event in this response, removal of dead and dying cancer cells, has a critical influence on the subsequent process of the resolution of inflammatory reaction and healing. Even more importantly for therapy outcome, the presence of an overwhelming number of dead cancer cells can overcome the capacity of sequestered professional phagocytes to remove cellular corpses fast enough to avoid breaking immune tolerance and can lead to the development of adaptive immune response against PDT-treated tumor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675West 10th Avenue, Room 6.112, V5Z 1L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Dr. Mladen Korbelik

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  1. Dr. Mladen Korbelik
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Correspondence to Mladen Korbelik .

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  1. and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Yona Keisari

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Korbelik, M. (2013). Tumor-Localized Insult Delivered by Photodynamic Therapy and the Breakdown of Tumor Immunotolerance. In: Keisari, Y. (eds) Tumor Ablation. The Tumor Microenvironment, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4694-7_7

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