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Cerebellotoxic Agents

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

Abstract

Cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic agents and poisoning. All stages of lifespan can be affected by cerebellar damage due to neurotoxicity, from fetus to the elderly. Elderly patients are more vulnerable to insults, as well as patients with silent cerebellar lesions, such as preexisting structural lesions. Purkinje neurons are a main target of cerebellotoxic substances. The main causes of cerebellar ataxias of toxic origin are acute and chronic ethanol ingestion, drugs, and environmental exposure. Cerebellar structures are among the most sensitive targets of the central nervous system (CNS) to ethanol intake. In addition to ethanol, several drugs can cause an irreversible cerebellar syndrome, such as phenytoin, antineoplastics, lithium salts, and heroin. Environmental causes of neurotoxic ataxias include chronic exposure to metals, benzene derivatives, and hyperthermia. Cerebellar syndrome associated with toxic insults should not be underestimated. In particular, since patients may develop a life-threatening edema of the posterior fossa in several circumstances, urgent management may be required. Prevention measures should be considered.

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  1. Unité d’Etude du Mouvement (UEM), FNRS, Neurologie ULB Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Prof. Mario Manto M.D., Ph.D

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  1. Prof. Mario Manto M.D., Ph.D
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unité d'Etude du Mouvement (UEM), FNRS, Neurologie ULB Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Ataxia Unit, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

  3. Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy

    Ferdinando Rossi

  4. Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department (MIND), The Scripps Research Institute, California, CA, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

  5. Department of Integrative Physiolgy, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

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Manto, M. (2013). Cerebellotoxic Agents. In: Manto, M., Schmahmann, J.D., Rossi, F., Gruol, D.L., Koibuchi, N. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_96

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