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Cell Wall Modifications Induced by Nematodes

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Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions

Abstract

Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes can induce development of specific feeding structures inside plant roots via reprogramming of plant morphogenetic pathways. The most remarkable examples of this ability are structural, physiological and chemical changes occurring in cell walls of syncytia and giant-cells. The cell walls of feeding structures have to fulfil different requirements. They become thickened to counteract growing internal pressure, but they are still flexible enough to allow cell expansion. They have to increase in mechanical strength but still allow nutrient influx. In some places they become covered with cell wall ingrowths while abutting parts are dissolved and cell wall openings are formed. All these structural changes are based on modifications and specific regulation of the plant’s own cell wall modifying enzymes driven by parasitic nematodes. The following chapter describes ultrastructural rearrangements of the giant-cell and syncytial cell walls and underlying changes in expression of genes coding for different proteins involved in cell wall degradation and synthesis.

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Abbreviations

DAI:

day after root invasion

EGase:

endoglucanase

ISC:

initial syncytial cell

J2:

second stage juvenile

J3:

third stage juvenile

J4:

fourth stage juvenile

NFS:

nematode feeding site

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgements

The Authors are grateful to Eric L. Davis, Shahid Siddique, Renata Dobosz, Wladyslaw Golinowski, Justyna Jupowicz, Grazyna Grymaszewska, Michaela Griesser, Kamila Koropacka and Aneta Karczmarek for providing research materials that were used to prepare this publication. Some of the Authors’ research presented above was supported by grants of the Austrian and Polish Ministries of Science and Higher Education and the EU COST Action 872.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland

    Miroslaw Sobczak & Sylwia Fudali

  2. Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan Straße 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria

    Krzysztof Wieczorek

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  1. Miroslaw Sobczak
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  2. Sylwia Fudali
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  3. Krzysztof Wieczorek
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Correspondence to Miroslaw Sobczak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Plant Pathology, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom

    John Jones

  2. , Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium

    Godelieve Gheysen

  3. , Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III. s/n, Toledo, E-45071, Spain

    Carmen Fenoll

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Sobczak, M., Fudali, S., Wieczorek, K. (2011). Cell Wall Modifications Induced by Nematodes. In: Jones, J., Gheysen, G., Fenoll, C. (eds) Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_19

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