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Coccinellids in a Changing World

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Aphid Biodiversity under Environmental Change

Abstract

Current rates of biodiversity change and loss exceed those historically recorded and show no indication of slowing. Comparisons of recorded extinctions of known species over the last 100 years with rates of extinction of characteristic species in the fossil record indicate that humans have increased the species extinction rate by 100 times. The major drivers of biodiversity change are considered to be habitat change, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation and pollution but changes in biodiversity and ecosystems are most often caused by the interactions between multiple drivers, across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Dietary and habitat generalist and specialist coccinellids should exhibit differing responses to these drivers of change. On continental scales, coccinellids move rather than adapt and when possible, maintain environmental constancy rather than geographic constancy. Only when dispersal is not possible due to barriers of unfavourable habitats must they evolve or die. This means that permanent, relatively continuous latitudinal wildlife corridors are essential to allow species (particularly stenotopic species) to mobilize for survival as environments change. This chapter will review evidence relating specifically to the impacts of drivers of change on coccinellids.

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Acknowledgements

HER is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council through the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. HER is based in the Biological Records Centre (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) which is co-funded by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Professor Michael Majerus, an inspiration to many coccinellid biologists, sadly died in 2009. He will be missed tremendously by many collaborators and friends worldwide. Leaving the final words of this chapter to Mike (Majerus, 1994): “If my ideas and theories are subsequently put to the test by others who are caught up in the fascination of ladybirds as much as I have been in the last dozen or so years, I will be delighted, whether my ideas are verified or refuted.”

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  1. NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK

    Helen E. Roy

  2. Department of Genetics, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK

    Michael E.N. Majerus

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  1. Inst. Systems Biology & Ecology, Biodiversity Research Centre, ASCR Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic

    Pavel Kindlmann

  2. School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom

    A.F.G. Dixon

  3. , Department of Entomology, Kansas State Univeristy, 240th Ave. 1232, Hays, 67601, USA

    J.P. Michaud

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Roy, H.E., Majerus, M.E. (2010). Coccinellids in a Changing World. In: Kindlmann, P., Dixon, A., Michaud, J. (eds) Aphid Biodiversity under Environmental Change. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8601-3_9

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