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Prefrontal Cortex Integration of Emotion and Cognition

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The Prefrontal Cortex as an Executive, Emotional, and Social Brain

Abstract

Ideas from classical philosophy and psychology that emotion and cognition are distinct and separate have been challenged by evidence of their intricate interaction in the brain. Accumulated evidence shows that areas associated with emotions and cognition are strongly linked and influence each other according to principles based on the structural organization of the cortex. Subcortical structures that process information about needs and drives are old in phylogeny and innervate the prefrontal cortex, targeting strongly the posterior orbitofrontal cortex (pOFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These two prefrontal regions are part of the cortical component of the limbic system but are functionally distinct. Through widespread connections, the pOFC acts as an integrator of the internal and external environments for the perception of affective events. In contrast, the ACC specializes in the expression of emotions through robust pathways to central autonomic structures. Both prefrontal limbic regions are connected with lateral prefrontal areas associated with cognitive functions, effectively linking areas associated with emotion and cognition. Functional and circuit studies in animals and humans indicate that even simple tasks necessitate interaction between areas associated with cognition and emotions and suggest that their linkage is disrupted in several psychiatric and neurologic diseases.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by grants from NIH (R01 MH057414, R01 NS024760 (HB)); M. Á. García-Cabezas was the recipient of a 2014 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (grant number 22777, P&S Fund Investigator).

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  1. Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 431, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Helen Barbas & Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas

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  1. Helen Barbas
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Correspondence to Helen Barbas .

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  1. Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Masataka Watanabe

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Barbas, H., García-Cabezas, M.Á. (2017). Prefrontal Cortex Integration of Emotion and Cognition. In: Watanabe, M. (eds) The Prefrontal Cortex as an Executive, Emotional, and Social Brain. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56508-6_4

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