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Bioremediation: A Natural Method for the Management of Polluted Environment

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Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination resulting from rapid industrialization and other sources is a growing problem worldwide. Increasing pollution of soils with heavy metals disturbs the microbial biodiversity, soil fertility, and plant production and may cause significant human health problems. The excessive accumulation of heavy metals within plant tissues can modify protein structure or replace an essential element causing chlorosis, growth impairment, browning of roots, and photosystems dysfunction. To circumvent metal toxicity, bioremediation, a process that involves the use of biological materials to detoxify the contaminated sites and brings the environment to its contaminant free (original) state, has emerged as a promising alternative to widely practiced physicochemical methods used to clean up contaminated lands. Biological materials used to remediate contaminated sites are inexpensive, are easy to operate, do not produce hazardous by-products, and can be effective even if metals are present in low concentrations. Here, we integrate the knowledge obtained so far on the removal of metals and metalloids employing bioremediation strategies for contaminated soils. The information regarding different types of bioremediation and the challenges facing bioremediation are highlighted. The role and impacts of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria on bioremediation efficiency are addressed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India

    Almas Zaidi

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria

    Parvaze Ahmad Wani

  3. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

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  1. Almas Zaidi
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  2. Parvaze Ahmad Wani
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  3. Mohammad Saghir Khan
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Correspondence to Almas Zaidi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  2. , Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University, College of Natural, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria

    Parvaze Ahmad Wani

  3. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

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Zaidi, A., Wani, P.A., Khan, M.S. (2012). Bioremediation: A Natural Method for the Management of Polluted Environment. In: Zaidi, A., Wani, P., Khan, M. (eds) Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0730-0_6

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