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Nanoparticles and Their Applications

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Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Nanoparticles (GlossaryTerm

NP

s) are synthesized from several classes of materials including inorganic, organic, hybrid and biological materials. Inorganic NPs are synthesized by ball milling, vapor deposition, electrospraying, reduction of metal salts, sol-gel, coprecipitation and thermal decomposition. Organic NPs are synthesized by microemulsion, nanoprecipitation, dialysis and rapid expansion of supercritical solutions. Hybrid NPs are synthesized from both organic and inorganic materials. There are a number of naturally occurring biological NPs including lipoproteins, exosomes, ferritin, and viruses. Further, NPs can be synthesized from biomolecules including proteins, peptides and polysaccharides. The surface to volume ratio, superparamagnetism, hardness, Coulomb energy and catalytic activity of NPs are generally higher than those of bulk materials. Due to their unique structural, magnetic, mechanical and electrical properties, NPs are used in a wide range of applications including biosensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, catalysis, nanomanufacturing, lubrication, electronics, textile manufacturing, and water treatment systems. This chapter covers the classification, synthesis, properties and applications of NPs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grants to E. Jabbari from the United States National Science Foundation under Award Numbers CBET1403545 and IIP150024 and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number AR063745. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 South Main St., Room 2B46, SC 29208, Columbia, USA

    Seyedsina Moeinzadeh

  2. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 South Main St., Room 2C11, SC 29208, Columbia, USA

    Esmaiel Jabbari

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  1. Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
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Bharat Bhushan

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Moeinzadeh, S., Jabbari, E. (2017). Nanoparticles and Their Applications. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_11

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