Abstract
Carbon catabolite repression refers to the mechanism whereby repressing carbon sources are used preferentially to less readily metabolized carbon sources due to reduced synthesis of the latter in the presence of the former. The best-studied case of carbon catabolite repression, at the genetical, biochemical, and molecular level, is that of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli, where there is a sophisticated understanding of the molecular mechanism, and of interactions with the pathwayspecific induction mechanism for several operons, in particular that for lactose utilization (Busy 1986). However, there is neither reason a priori, or evidence a posteriori to suggest that the mechanism should be conserved between prolaryotes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, worked aimed at eliciting the been undertaken mainly in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and in some mycelia fungi. In yeast a large number of genes have been implicated in the repression mechanism.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams TH, Boylan MT, Timberlake WE (1988) brlA is necessary and sufficient to direct conidiophore development in Aspergillus nidulans. Cell 54: 352–362
Arst HN, Bailey CR (1977) The regulation of carbon metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. In: Smith JE, Pateman JA (eds) Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus nidulans. Academic Press, London, pp 131–146
Arst HN, Cove DJ (1973) Nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Gen Genet 126: 111–141
Arst HN, MacDonald DW (1975) A gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans with an internally located cis-acting regulatory region. Nature 254: 26–34
Arst HN, MacDonald DW, Jones SA (1980) Regulation of proline transport in Aspergillus nidulans. J Gen Microbiol 116: 285–294
Arst HN, Tollervey D, Dowzer CEA, Kelly JM (1990) An inversion truncating the creA gene of Aspergillus nidulans results in carbon catabolite repression. Mol Microbiol 4: 851–854
Bailey CR, Arst HN (1975) Carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Eur J Biochem 51: 573–577
Beni RK, Whittington H, Roberts CF, Hawkins AR (1987) Isolation and characterization of the positively acting regulatory gene, qutA, from Aspergillus nidulans. Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7991–8001
Berg JM (1975) Spl and the superfamily of zinc finger proteins with guanine-rich binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:11109–11110
Blumberg H, Eisen A, Sledziewski DB, Young ET (1987) Two zinc lingers of the yeast regulatory protein shown by genetic evidence to be essential for its function. Nature 7: 443–445
Busby SJW (1986) Positive regulation in gene expression. In: Booth IR, Higgins CF (eds) Regulation of gene expression 25 years on. Cambridge Univ Press, London
Call KM, Glasser T, Ho CY, Buckler AJ, Pelletier P, Haber DA, Rose EA, Kral A, Yeger H, Lewis WH, Jones C, Housman DE (1990) Isolation and characterization of a zinc finger polypeptide gene at the human chromosome 11 Wilms’ tumor locus. Cell 60: 509–520
Carlson M (1987) Regulation of sugar utilization in Saccharomyces species. J Bacteriol 169: 4873–4877
Chavrier P, Lemaire P, Releleant R, Bravo R, Charney P (1988) Characterization of a mouse multi gene family that encodes zinc finger structures. Mol Cell Biol 8: 13191326
Creaser EH, Porter RL, Britt KA, Pateman JA, Doy CH (1985) Purification and preliminary characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Aspergillus nidulans. Biochem J 225: 449–454
Crosby SD, Puetz JJ, Simburger KS, Fahrner TJ, Milbrandt J (1991) The early response gene NGFI -C encodes a zinc finger transcriptional activator and is a member of the GCGGGGGCG ( GSG) element binding protein factor. Mol Cell Biol 11: 3835–3841
Cubero B, Scazzocchio C (1994) Two different, adjacent and divergent zinc finger binding sites are necessary for CREA-mediated carbon catabolite repression in the proline gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans. EMBO J 13: 407–415
Davies RW (1991) Molecular biology of a high-level recombinant protein production system in Aspergillus. In: Leong SA, Berka RM (eds) Molecular industrial mycology. Systems and applications for filamentous fungi. Dekker, New York, pp 45–58
Davis MA, Hynes MJ (1991) Regulatory circuits in Aspergillus nidulans. In: Bennett JW, Lasure LL (eds) More gene manipulation in fungi. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 151–189
Devchand M, Gwynne DI (1991) Expression of heterologous proteins in Aspergillus nidulans. J Biotechnol 17: 310
Dowzer CEA (1991) The cloning and preliminary characterization of the creA gene from Aspergillus nidulans. PhD Thesis, Univ Adelaide, Australia
Dowzer CEA, Kelly JM (1989) Cloning of creA from Aspergillus nidulans: a gene involved in carbon catabolite repression. Curr Genet 15:457–459
Dowzer CEA, Kelly JM (1991) Analysis of the creA gene, a regulator of carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Cell Biol 11:5701–5709
Drysdale MR, Kolze SE, Kelly JM (1993) The Aspergillus niger carbon catabolite repressor encoding gene, creA. Gene. 130:241–245
Espeso EA, Penalva MA (1994) In vitro binding of the two-finger repressor CreA to several consensus and non-consensus sites at the ipnA upstream region is context dependent. FEBS Lett 342: 43–48
Espeso EA, Tilburn J, Arst HN, Penalva MA (1993) pH regulation is a major determinant in expression of a fungal penicilin biosynthetic gene. EMBO J 12: 3947–3956
Felenbok B (1991) The ethanol utilization regulation of Aspergillus nidulans: the alcA-alcR system as a tool for the expression of recombinant proteins. J Biotechnol 17:11–18
Felenbok B, Sequeval D, Mathieu M, Sibley S, Gwynne DI, Davies RW (1988) The ethanol regulon in Aspergillus nidulans: characterization and sequence of the positive regulatory gene, alcR. Gene 73:385–396
Felenbok B, Sophianopoulou V, Mathieu M, Sequeval D, Kulmburg P, Diallinas G, Scazzocchio C (1989) Regulation of genes involved in the utilization of carbon sources in Aspergillus nidulans. In: Nevalainen H, Penttila M (eds) Foundation for biotechnical and industrial fermentation research. Proc EMBO-Alko Worksh Mol Biol filamentous fungi, Helsinki, 6: 73–83
Felenbok B, Sequeval D, Judewicz N, Mathieu M, Lenouvel F, Prangé T, Scazzocchio C, Dowzer C, Kelly J, Kulmburg P (1991) Control of the ethanol regulon in Aspergillus nidulans. In: Stahl U, Tudzynski P (eds) Molecular biology of filamentous fungi. Proc 4th EMBO Meet, pp 167–176
Felenbok B, Sealy-Lewis HM (1994) Alcohol metabolism. In: Martinelli S, Kinghorn JR (eds) Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus nidulans, vol 29. Elsevier, Netherlands Amsterdam, pp 141–179
Fillinger S, Panozzo C, Mathieu M, Felenbok B The basal level of transcription of the alc genes in the ethanol regulon in Aspergillus nidulans is controlled both by the specific transactivator A1cR and the general carbon catabolite repressor CreA. FEBS Lett (in press)
Frankel DG (1982) Carbohydrate metabolism. In: Strathern JN, Jones EW, Broach JR (eds) The molecular
biology of the yeast Saccharomyces: metabolism and gene expression. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp 1–37
Freemont PS, Lane AN, Sanderson MR (1991) Structural aspects of protein-DNA recognition. Biochem J 278: 123
Gancedo JM, Gancedo C (1986) Catabolite repression mutants of yeast. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32: 179–187
Geever RF, Huiet L, Baum JA, Tyler BM, Patel VB, Rutledge BJ, Case ME, Giles NH (1989) DNA sequence, organization and regulation of the qa gene cluster in Neurospora crassa. J Mol Biol 207: 15–34
Gwynne DI, Buxton FP, Sibley S, Davies RW, Lockington RA, Scazzocchio C, Sealy-Lewis HM (1987) Comparison of the cis-acting control regions of two co-ordinately controlled genes involved in ethanol utilization in Aspergillus nidulans.Gene 51: 205–216
Haber DA, Buckler AJ, Glaser T, Call KM, Pelletier J, Sohn RL, Douglass EC, Housman DE (1990) An internal deletion within an 11p13 zinc finger gene contributes to the development of Wilms’ Tumor. Cell 61: 12571269
Hartshorne TA, Blumberg AH, Young ET (1986) Sequence homology of the yeast ADR1 with Xenopus transcription factor ILIA. Nature 320: 283–287
Hastie ND (1992) Dominant negative mutations in the Wilms tumor (WT1) gene cause Denys-Drash syndrome—proof that a tumor suppressor gene plays a crucial role in normal genitourinary development. Human Mol Genet 1: 293–295
Hynes MJ (1970) Induction and repression of amidase en- zymes in Aspergillus nidulans. J Bacteriol 103: 482–487
Hynes MJ, Kelly JM (1977) Pleiotropic mutants of Aspergillus nidulans altered in carbon metabolism. Mol Gen Genet 150:193–204
Hynes MJ (1994) Regulation of acetamide utilization. In: Martinelli S, Kinghorn JR (eds) Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus nidulans, vol 25. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 279–321
Jacobs GH (1992) Determination of the base recognition positions of zinc fingers from sequence analysis. EMBO J 11: 4507–4517
Johnson PF, McKnight SL (1989) Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 58: 799839
Johnston M, Carlson M (1992) The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces: gene expression, vol II. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, pp 193–281
Kelly JM (1980) Pleiotropic mutants of Aspergillus nidulans affected in carbon metabolism. PhD Thesis, La Trobe Univ, Australia
Kelly JM, Hynes MJ (1977) Increased and decreased sensitivity to carbon catabolite repression of enzymes of acetate metabolism in mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Gen Genet 156: 87–92
Kudla B, Caddick MX, Langdon T, Martinez-Rossi NM, Bennett CF, Sibley S, Davies RW, Arst HN (1990) The regulatory gene areA mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Mutations affecting specificity of gene activation alter a loop residue of a putative zinc finger. EMBO J 9: 1353–1364
Kulmburg P (1991) Mecanisme d’induction et de repression catabolique du regulon ethanol chez Aspergillus nidulans. PhD Thesis, Univ Paris-Sud XI, Orsay
Kulmburg P, Prange T, Mathieu M, Sequeval D, Scazzocchio C, Felenbok B (1991) Correct intron splicing generates a new type of putative zinc finger domain in a transcriptional activator of Aspergillus nidulans. FEBS Lett 280: 11–16
Kulmburg P, Sequeval D, Lenouvel F, Mathieu M, Felenbok B (1992a) Identification of the promoter region involved in the autoregulation of the transcriptional activator ALCR in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Cell Biol 12: 1932–1939
Kulmburg P, Sequeval D, Lenouvel F, Mathieu M, Felenbok B (1992b) Specific binding sites for the activator protein, ALCR, in the alcA promoter of the ethanol regulon of Aspergillus nidulans. J Biol Chem 267: 211462 1153
Kulmburg P. Mathieu M, Dowzer C, Kelly J, Felenbok B (1993) The specific binding sites in the alcR and alcA promoters of the ethanol regulon for the CREA repressor-mediating carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 7: 847–857
Lockington RA, Sealy-Lewis HM, Scazzocchio C, Davies RW (1985) Cloning and characterization of the ethanol utilization regulon of Aspergillus nidulans. Gene 33: 137149
Lockington RA, Scazzocchio C, Sequeval D. Mathieu M, Felenbok B (1987) Regulation of alcR, the positive regulatory gene of the ethanol utilization regulon of Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 1: 275–281
Marmorstein R, Carey M, Ptashne M, Harrison SC (1992) DNA recognition by GAL4: structure of a protein DNA complex. Nature 356: 408–414
Mathieu M, Felenbok B (1994) The Aspergillus nidulans CREA protein mediates glucose repression of the ethanol regulon at various levels through a competition with the ALCR specific transactivator. EMBO J 13: 4022–4027
McCullough W, Payton MA, Roberts CF (1977) Carbon metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. In: Smith JE, Pateman JA (eds) Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus. Academic Press, London, pp 97–129
Miller J, McLachlan AD, Klug A (1985) Repetitive zinc binding domains in the protein transcription factor ILIA from Xenopus oocytes. EMBO J 4: 1609–1614
Mylin M, Bhat P, Hopper JF (1989) Regulated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of GAL4, a transcriptional activator. Genes Dev 3: 1157–1165
Nardelli J, Gibson TJ, Vesque C, Charnay P (1991) Base sequence discrimination by zinc-finger DNA-binding domains. Nature 349: 175–178
Nardelli J, Gibson TJ, Vesque C, Charnay P (1992) Zinc finger-DNA recognition: analysis of base specificity by site directed mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 20: 41374144
Nehlin JO, Ronne H (1990) Yeast MIGI repressor is related to the mammalian early growth response and Wilms’ tumor finger proteins. EMBO J 9: 2891–2898
Nehlin JO, Carlberg M, Ronne H (1991) The control of yeast GAL genes by MIGI repressor: a transcriptional cascade in the glucose response. EMBO J 10: 3373–3377
Page MM (1971) Genetics and biochemical studies of the catabolism of amines and alcohols in Aspergillus nidulans. PhD Thesis, Cambridge, UK
Patel VB, Giles NH (1985) Autogenous regulation of the positive regulatorye qa-IF gene in Neurospora crassa. Mol Cell Biol 5: 3593–3599
Pateman JA, Doy CH, Olsen JE, Norris U, Creaser EH, Hynes MJ (1983) Regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans. Proc R Soc Lond Series B 217: 243–264
Pavletich NP, Pabo CO (1991) Zinc finger DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1. Science 252: 809–817
Pickett M, Gwynne D1, Buxton FP, Elliott R, Davies RW, Lockington RA, Scazzocchio C, Sealy-Lewis HM (1987) Cloning and characterization of the aldA gene of Aspergillus nidulans. Gene 51: 217–226
Roberts TJ, Martinelli S, Scazzocchio C (1979) Allele specific, gene unspecific, suppressors in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Gen Genet 177: 57–64
Romano AH. Kornberg HL (1968) Regulation of sugar utilization by Aspergillus nidulans. Biochem Biophys Acta 158: 491–493
Romano AH, Kornberg HL (1969) Regulation of sugar uptake by Aspergillus nidulans. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 173: 475–490
Ronne H (1995) Glucose repression in fungi. Trends Genet 11: 12–17
Sakai A, Shimizu Y, Hishinuma F (1988) Isolation and characterization of mutants which show an oversecretion phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 119: 499–506
Sakai A, Shimizu Y, Kondou S, Chibazakura T, Hishinuma F (1990) Structure and molecular analysis of RGRI, a gene required for glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 10: 4130–4138
Scazzocchio C (1994) The proline utilisation pathway, history and beyond. In: Martinelli S, Kinghorn JR (eds) Genetics and physiology of Aspergillus nidulans, vol 29. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 259–277
Scazzocchio C, Gavrias V, Cubero B. Panozzo C, Mathieu M, Felenbok B (1995) Carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Can J Bot 73 (In press)
Sealy-Lewis HM, Lockington RA (1995) Regulation of two alcohol dehydrogenases in Aspergillus nidulans. Curr Genet 8: 253–259
Sequeval D. Felenbok B (1994) Relationships between zinc content and DNA-binding activity of the DNA-binding motif of the transcription factor ALCR in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Gen Genet 241: 33–39
Silver PA (1991) How proteins enter the nucleus. Cell 64: 489–497
Sophianopoulou V, Suàrez T, Diallinas G, Scazzocchio C (1993) Operator derepressed mutations in the praline utilization cluster of Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Gen Genet 326: 209–213
Sukhatme VP, Cao X, Chang LC, Tsai-Morris CH, Stamenkovich D. Ferreira PCP. Cohen DR, Edwards SA, Snows TB, Curran T, Le Beau MM, Adamson ED (1988) A zinc finger encoding gene coregulated with cfos during growth and differentiation, and after cellular depolarization. Cell 53: 37–43
Treitel MA, Carlson M (1995) Repression by SSN6-TUPI is directed by MIG1, a repressor/activator protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 3132–3136
Thukral SK, Morrison ML, Young ET (1991) Alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis of the zinc fingers of transcription factor ADR1: residues that contact DNA and that transactivate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 91889192
Thukral SK, Morrison ML, Young ET (1992) Mutations in the zinc fingers of ADR1 that change the specificity of DNA binding and transactivation. Mol Cell Biol 12: 2784–2792
Trumby RJ (1992) Glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 6: 15–21
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Felenbok, B., Kelly, J.M. (1996). Regulation of Carbon Metabolism in Mycelial Fungi. In: Brambl, R., Marzluf, G.A. (eds) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The Mycota, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10367-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10367-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10369-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10367-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive