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Klimaforschung und Klimamodelle

  • Chapter
Tatort Erde

Zusammenfassung

Die Quelle sämtlicher Bewegungsenergie in der Atmosphäre ist die Sonnenstrahlung; sie führt zu einer hauptsächlich von der geographischen Breite abhängigen Erwärmung der Erdoberfläche, welche sich der aufliegenden Luft mitteilt und diese zu meridionalen Ausgleichsströmungen zwingt. Unter dem Einfluß der Erdrotation erfolgt jedoch eine Umlenkung, so daß im Endeffekt eine im wesentlichen zonale, d. h. breitenkreisabhängige Struktur der großräumigen Zirkulationen resultiert. Hauptmerkmale dieser sogenannten Allgemeinen Zirkulation sind einmal die kräftigen Westwinde, die fast den gesamten Globus zwischen 3 km und 20 km Höhe einnehmen, zum anderen die in Bodennähe überwiegende Dreierstruktur der hemisphärischen Windverteilung. Letztere setzt sich (auf der Nordhalbkugel) aus den Nordostpassaten zwischen 30° Breite und dem Äquator, den sich polwärts anschließenden stark veränderlichen, im Mittel aber südwestlichen Winden der gemäßigten Breiten und aus den polaren Nordostwinden zusammen. Diese bodennahen Ost- und Westwinde markieren auch die unteren Äste der als Hadley-, Ferrel- und Polarzelle bekannten Sekundärzirkulationen; sie genügen dem Prinzip der Drehimpulskonstanz der Erde, wonach die an der Erdoberfläche reibenden Winde insgesamt die Rotation der Erde weder beschleunigen noch verlangsamen dürfen.

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Authors
  1. Günter Fischer
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© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Fischer, G. (1991). Klimaforschung und Klimamodelle. In: Tatort Erde. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00541-5_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00541-5_14

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-54161-5

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