Abstract
TRPM6 is a bifunctional protein comprising a TRP cation channel segment covalently linked to an α-type serine/threonine protein kinase. TRPM6 is expressed in the intestinal and renal epithelial cells. Loss-of-function mutations in the human TRPM6 gene give rise to hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH), suggesting that the TRPM6 channel kinase plays a central role in systemic Mg2+ homeostasis. In contrast, Trpm6 null mice show a delay in prenatal development, neural tube defects, and prenatal death. Possible functions of TRPM6 in prenatal and adult organisms will be discussed in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Apa H, Kayserili E, Agin H, Hizarcioglu M, Gulez P, Berdeli A (2008) A case of hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia caused by Trpm6 gene mutation. Indian J Pediatr 75:632–634
Bai JP, Hausman E, Lionberger R, Zhang X (2013) Modeling and simulation of the effect of proton pump inhibitors on magnesium homeostasis. 1. Oral absorption of magnesium. Mol Pharm 9(12):3495–3505
Cao G, Lee KP, van der Wijst J, de Graaf M, van der Kemp A, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG (2010) Methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) recovers TRPM6 channel activity during oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 285:26081–26087
Cao G, Thebault S, van der Wijst J, van der Kemp A, Lasonder E, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG (2008) RACK1 inhibits TRPM6 activity via phosphorylation of the fused alpha-kinase domain. Curr Biol 18:168–176
Cao G, van der Wijst J, van der Kemp A, van Zeeland F, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG (2009) Regulation of the epithelial Mg2+ channel TRPM6 by estrogen and the associated repressor protein of estrogen receptor activity (REA). J Biol Chem 284:14788–14795
Chery M, Biancalana V, Philippe C, Malpuech G, Carla H, Gilgenkrantz S, Mandel JL, Hanauer A (1994) Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia in a female with balanced X;9 translocation: mapping of the Xp22 chromosome breakpoint. Hum Genet 93:587–591
Chubanov V, Schlingmann KP, Waring J, Heinzinger J, Kaske S, Waldegger S, Mederos y Schnitzler M, Gudermann T (2007) Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia due to a missense mutation in the putative pore-forming region of TRPM6. J Biol Chem 282:7656–7667
Chubanov V, Waldegger S, Mederos y Schnitzler M, Vitzthum H, Sassen MC, Seyberth HW, Konrad M, Gudermann T (2004) Disruption of TRPM6/TRPM7 complex formation by a mutation in the TRPM6 gene causes hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:2894–2899
Clark K, Langeslag M, van Leeuwen B, Ran L, Ryazanov AG, Figdor CG, Moolenaar WH, Jalink K, van Leeuwen FN (2006) TRPM7, a novel regulator of actomyosin contractility and cell adhesion. EMBO J 25:290–301
Clark K, Middelbeek J, Lasonder E, Dulyaninova NG, Morrice NA, Ryazanov AG, Bresnick AR, Figdor CG, van Leeuwen FN (2008a) TRPM7 regulates myosin IIA filament stability and protein localization by heavy chain phosphorylation. J Mol Biol 378:790–803
Clark K, Middelbeek J, Morrice NA, Figdor CG, Lasonder E, van Leeuwen FN (2008b) Massive autophosphorylation of the Ser/Thr-rich domain controls protein kinase activity of TRPM6 and TRPM7. PLoS One 3:e1876
Crawley SW, Cote GP (2009) Identification of dimer interactions required for the catalytic activity of the TRPM7 alpha-kinase domain. Biochem J 420:115–122
da Silva CA, de Braganca AC, Shimizu MH, Sanches TR, Fortes MA, Giorgi RR, Andrade L, Seguro AC (2009) Rosiglitazone prevents sirolimus-induced hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and downregulation of NKCC2 protein expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297:F916–F922
Dai LJ, Ritchie G, Kerstan D, Kang HS, Cole DE, Quamme GA (2001) Magnesium transport in the renal distal convoluted tubule. Physiol Rev 81:51–84
Deason-Towne F, Perraud AL, Schmitz C (2012) Identification αof Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in the C2-domain of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) using TRPM7-kinase. Cell Signal 24:2070–2075
Demeuse P, Penner R, Fleig A (2006) TRPM7 channel is regulated by magnesium nucleotides via its kinase domain. J Gen Physiol 127:421–434
Dimke H, van der Wijst J, Alexander TR, Meijer IM, Mulder GM, van Goor H, Tejpar S, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ (2010) Effects of the EGFR inhibitor Erlotinib on magnesium handling. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:1309–1316
Dorovkov MV, Kostyukova AS, Ryazanov AG (2011) Phosphorylation of annexin A1 by TRPM7 kinase: a switch regulating the induction of an alpha-helix. Biochemistry 50:2187–2193
Dorovkov MV, Ryazanov AG (2004) Phosphorylation of annexin I by TRPM7 channel-kinase. J Biol Chem 279:50643–50646
Drennan D, Ryazanov AG (2004) Alpha-kinases: analysis of the family and comparison with conventional protein kinases. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 85:1–32
Esteban-Oliva D, Pintos-Morell G, Konrad M (2009) Long-term follow-up of a patient with primary hypomagnesaemia and secondary hypocalcaemia due to a novel TRPM6 mutation. Eur J Pediatr 168:439–442
Famularo G, Gasbarrone L, Minisola G (2013) Hypomagnesemia and proton-pump inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Saf 12(5):709–716
Fujiwara Y, Minor DL Jr (2008) X-ray crystal structure of a TRPM assembly domain reveals an antiparallel four-stranded coiled-coil. J Mol Biol 383:854–870
Glaudemans B, van der Wijst J, Scola RH, Lorenzoni PJ, Heister A, van der Kemp AW, Knoers NV, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ (2009) A missense mutation in the Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel-encoding gene KCNA1 is linked to human autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia. J Clin Invest 119:936–942
Gouadon E, Lecerf F, German-Fattal M (2012) Differential effects of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus on magnesium influx in Caco2 cells. J Pharm Pharm Sci 15:389–398
Groenestege WM, Thebault S, van der Wijst J, van den Berg D, Janssen R, Tejpar S, van den Heuvel LP, van Cutsem E, Hoenderop JG, Knoers NV, Bindels RJ (2007) Impaired basolateral sorting of pro-EGF causes isolated recessive renal hypomagnesemia. J Clin Invest 117:2260–2267
Guilbert A, Gautier M, Dhennin-Duthille I, Haren N, Sevestre H, Ouadid-Ahidouch H (2009) Evidence that TRPM7 is required for breast cancer cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297:C493–C502
Guran T, Akcay T, Bereket A, Atay Z, Turan S, Haisch L, Konrad M, Schlingmann KP (2011) Clinical and molecular characterization of Turkish patients with familial hypomagnesaemia: novel mutations in TRPM6 and CLDN16 genes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:667–673
Habeb AM, Al-Harbi H, Schlingmann KP (2012) Resolving basal ganglia calcification in hereditary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia due to a novel TRPM6 gene mutation. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 23:1038–1042
Hodgkinson E, Neville-Webbe HL, Coleman RE (2006) Magnesium depletion in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 18:710–718
Hofmann T, Chubanov V, Chen X, Dietz AS, Gudermann T, Montell C (2010) Drosophila TRPM channel is essential for the control of extracellular magnesium levels. PLoS One 5:e10519
Hofmann T, Schaefer M, Schultz G, Gudermann T (2002) Subunit composition of mammalian transient receptor potential channels in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:7461–7466
Hruby A, Ngwa JS, Renstrom F, Wojczynski MK, Ganna A, Hallmans G, Houston DK, Jacques PF, Kanoni S, Lehtimaki T, Lemaitre RN, Manichaikul A, North KE, Ntalla I, Sonestedt E, Tanaka T, van Rooij FJ, Bandinelli S, Djousse L, Grigoriou E, Johansson I, Lohman KK, Pankow JS, Raitakari OT, Riserus U, Yannakoulia M, Zillikens MC, Hassanali N, Liu Y, Mozaffarian D, Papoutsakis C, Syvanen AC, Uitterlinden AG, Viikari J, Groves CJ, Hofman A, Lind L, McCarthy MI, Mikkila V, Mukamal K, Franco OH, Borecki IB, Cupples LA, Dedoussis GV, Ferrucci L, Hu FB, Ingelsson E, Kahonen M, Kao WH, Kritchevsky SB, Orho-Melander M, Prokopenko I, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Witteman JC, Franks PW, Meigs JB, McKeown NM, Nettleton JA (2013) Higher magnesium intake is associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin, with no evidence of interaction with select genetic loci, in a meta-analysis of 15 CHARGE Consortium Studies. J Nutr 143:345–353
Ikari A, Sanada A, Okude C, Sawada H, Yamazaki Y, Sugatani J, Miwa M (2009) Up-regulation of TRPM6 transcriptional activity by AP-1 in renal epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 222:481–487
Ikari A, Sanada A, Sawada H, Okude C, Tonegawa C, Sugatani J (2010) Decrease in transient receptor potential melastatin 6 mRNA stability caused by rapamycin in renal tubular epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1808:1502–1508
Jiang J, Li M, Yue L (2005) Potentiation of TRPM7 inward currents by protons. J Gen Physiol 126:137–150
Jiang SP, Wu YM, Guo SE, Lv ZQ (2011) Decreased renal mRNA expression of TRPM6 is associated with hypomagnesemia in C57BL/6 asthmatic mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 14:935–940
Konrad M, Schlingmann KP, Gudermann T (2004) Insights into the molecular nature of magnesium homeostasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286:F599–F605
Konrad M, Weber S (2003) Recent advances in molecular genetics of hereditary magnesium-losing disorders. J Am Soc Nephrol 14:249–260
Kozak JA, Kerschbaum HH, Cahalan MD (2002) Distinct properties of CRAC and MIC channels in RBL cells. J Gen Physiol 120:221–235
Lam DH, Grant CE, Hill CE (2012) Differential expression of TRPM7 in rat hepatoma and embryonic and adult hepatocytes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 90:435–444
Lameris AL, Hess MW, van Kruijsbergen I, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ (2013) Omeprazole enhances the colonic expression of the Mg transporter TRPM6. Pflugers Arch 465(11):1613–20
Ledeganck KJ, Boulet GA, Bogers JJ, Verpooten GA, De Winter BY (2013) The TRPM6/EGF pathway is downregulated in a rat model of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. PLoS One 8:e57016
Li M, Du J, Jiang J, Ratzan W, Su LT, Runnels LW, Yue L (2007) Molecular determinants of Mg2+ and Ca2+ permeability and pH sensitivity in TRPM6 and TRPM7. J Biol Chem 282:25817–25830
Li M, Jiang J, Yue L (2006) Functional characterization of homo- and heteromeric channel kinases TRPM6 and TRPM7. J Gen Physiol 127:525–537
Matsushita M, Kozak JA, Shimizu Y, McLachlin DT, Yamaguchi H, Wei FY, Tomizawa K, Matsui H, Chait BT, Cahalan MD, Nairn AC (2005) Channel function is dissociated from the intrinsic kinase activity and autophosphorylation of TRPM7/ChaK1. J Biol Chem 280:20793–20803
Mederos y Schnitzler M, Waring J, Gudermann T, Chubanov V (2008) Evolutionary determinants of divergent calcium selectivity of TRPM channels. FASEB J 22:1540–1551
Meyer TE, Verwoert GC, Hwang SJ, Glazer NL, Smith AV, van Rooij FJ, Ehret GB, Boerwinkle E, Felix JF, Leak TS, Harris TB, Yang Q, Dehghan A, Aspelund T, Katz R, Homuth G, Kocher T, Rettig R, Ried JS, Gieger C, Prucha H, Pfeufer A, Meitinger T, Coresh J, Hofman A, Sarnak MJ, Chen YD, Uitterlinden AG, Chakravarti A, Psaty BM, van Duijn CM, Kao WH, Witteman JC, Gudnason V, Siscovick DS, Fox CS, Kottgen A (2010) Genome-wide association studies of serum magnesium, potassium, and sodium concentrations identify six Loci influencing serum magnesium levels. PLoS Genet 6
Michaely P, Tomchick DR, Machius M, Anderson RG (2002) Crystal structure of a 12 ANK repeat stack from human ankyrinR. EMBO J 21:6387–6396
Monteilh-Zoller MK, Hermosura MC, Nadler MJ, Scharenberg AM, Penner R, Fleig A (2003) TRPM7 provides an ion channel mechanism for cellular entry of trace metal ions. J Gen Physiol 121:49–60
Mosavi LK, Minor DL Jr, Peng ZY (2002) Consensus-derived structural determinants of the ankyrin repeat motif. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:16029–16034
Nadler MJ, Hermosura MC, Inabe K, Perraud AL, Zhu Q, Stokes AJ, Kurosaki T, Kinet JP, Penner R, Scharenberg AM, Fleig A (2001) LTRPC7 is a Mg-ATP-regulated divalent cation channel required for cell viability. Nature 411:590–595
Nair AV, Hocher B, Verkaart S, van Zeeland F, Pfab T, Slowinski T, Chen YP, Schlingmann KP, Schaller A, Gallati S, Bindels RJ, Konrad M, Hoenderop JG (2012) Loss of insulin-induced activation of TRPM6 magnesium channels results in impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:11324–11329
Nilius B, Owsianik G (2011) The transient receptor potential family of ion channels. Genome Biol 12:218
Nilius B, Owsianik G, Voets T, Peters JA (2007) Transient receptor potential cation channels in disease. Physiol Rev 87:165–217
Perazella MA (2013) Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia: a rare but serious complication. Kidney Int 83:553–556
Perraud AL, Zhao X, Ryazanov AG, Schmitz C (2010) The channel-kinase TRPM7 regulates phosphorylation of the translational factor eEF2 via eEF2-k. Cell Signal 23:586–593
Phelps CB, Procko E, Lishko PV, Wang RR, Gaudet R (2007) Insights into the roles of conserved and divergent residues in the ankyrin repeats of TRPV ion channels. Channels (Austin) 1:148–151
Prakriya M, Lewis RS (2002) Separation and characterization of currents through store-operated CRAC channels and Mg2+ -inhibited cation (MIC) channels. J Gen Physiol 119:487–507
Qin X, Yue Z, Sun B, Yang W, Xie J, Ni E, Feng Y, Mahmood R, Zhang Y, Yue L (2012) Sphingosine and FTY720 are potent inhibitors of the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channels. Br J Pharmacol 168:1294–1312
Quamme GA, de Rouffignac C (2000) Epithelial magnesium transport and regulation by the kidney. Front Biosci 5:D694–D711
Ramsey IS, Delling M, Clapham DE (2006) An introduction to TRP channels. Annu Rev Physiol 68:619–647
Runnels LW, Yue L, Clapham DE (2001) TRP-PLIK, a bifunctional protein with kinase and ion channel activities. Science 291:1043–1047
Runnels LW, Yue L, Clapham DE (2002) The TRPM7 channel is inactivated by PIP(2) hydrolysis. Nat Cell Biol 4:329–336
Ryazanov AG (2002) Elongation factor-2 kinase and its newly discovered relatives. FEBS Lett 514:26–29
Ryazanov AG, Shestakova EA, Natapov PG (1988) Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 by EF-2 kinase affects rate of translation. Nature 334:170–173
Ryazanov AG, Ward MD, Mendola CE, Pavur KS, Dorovkov MV, Wiedmann M, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Parmer TG, Prostko CR, Germino FJ, Hait WN (1997) Identification of a new class of protein kinases represented by eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:4884–4889
Ryazanova LV, Rondon LJ, Zierler S, Hu Z, Galli J, Yamaguchi TP, Mazur A, Fleig A, Ryazanov AG (2010) TRPM7 is essential for Mg(2+) homeostasis in mammals. Nat Commun 1:109
Sales CH, Pedrosa Lde F (2006) Magnesium and diabetes mellitus: their relation. Clin Nutr 25:554–562
Schlingmann KP, Sassen MC, Weber S, Pechmann U, Kusch K, Pelken L, Lotan D, Syrrou M, Prebble JJ, Cole DE, Metzger DL, Rahman S, Tajima T, Shu SG, Waldegger S, Seyberth HW, Konrad M (2005) Novel TRPM6 mutations in 21 families with primary hypomagnesemia and secondary hypocalcemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:3061–3069
Schlingmann KP, Waldegger S, Konrad M, Chubanov V, Gudermann T (2007) TRPM6 and TRPM7–Gatekeepers of human magnesium metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772:813–821
Schlingmann KP, Weber S, Peters M, Niemann Nejsum L, Vitzthum H, Klingel K, Kratz M, Haddad E, Ristoff E, Dinour D, Syrrou M, Nielsen S, Sassen M, Waldegger S, Seyberth HW, Konrad M (2002) Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is caused by mutations in TRPM6, a new member of the TRPM gene family. Nat Genet 31:166–170
Schmitz C, Dorovkov MV, Zhao X, Davenport BJ, Ryazanov AG, Perraud AL (2005) The channel kinases TRPM6 and TRPM7 are functionally nonredundant. J Biol Chem 280:37763–37771
Schmitz C, Perraud AL, Johnson CO, Inabe K, Smith MK, Penner R, Kurosaki T, Fleig A, Scharenberg AM (2003) Regulation of vertebrate cellular Mg2+ homeostasis by TRPM7. Cell 114:191–200
Shuen AY, Wong BY, Wei C, Liu Z, Li M, Cole DE (2009) Genetic determinants of extracellular magnesium concentration: analysis of multiple candidate genes, and evidence for association with the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) locus. Clin Chim Acta 409:28–32
Song Y, Hsu YH, Niu T, Manson JE, Buring JE, Liu S (2009) Common genetic variants of the ion channel transient receptor potential membrane melastatin 6 and 7 (TRPM6 and TRPM7), magnesium intake, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. BMC Med Genet 10:4
Thebault S, Alexander RT, Tiel Groenestege WM, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ (2009) EGF increases TRPM6 activity and surface expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:78–85
Touyz RM, He Y, Montezano AC, Yao G, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Callera GE (2006) Differential regulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 and 7 cation channels by ANG II in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290:R73–R78
van Angelen AA, Glaudemans B, van der Kemp AW, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ (2012) Cisplatin-induced injury of the renal distal convoluted tubule is associated with hypomagnesaemia in mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28:879–889
Vandewauw I, Owsianik G, Voets T (2013) Systematic and quantitative mRNA expression analysis of TRP channel genes at the single trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion level in mouse. BMC Neurosci 14:21
Venkatachalam K, Montell C (2007) TRP channels. Annu Rev Biochem 76:387–417
Voets T, Nilius B, Hoefs S, van der Kemp AW, Droogmans G, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG (2004) TRPM6 forms the Mg2+ influx channel involved in intestinal and renal Mg2+ absorption. J Biol Chem 279:19–25
Walder RY, Landau D, Meyer P, Shalev H, Tsolia M, Borochowitz Z, Boettger MB, Beck GE, Englehardt RK, Carmi R, Sheffield VC (2002) Mutation of TRPM6 causes familial hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia. Nat Genet 31:171–174
Walder RY, Yang B, Stokes JB, Kirby PA, Cao X, Shi P, Searby CC, Husted RF, Sheffield VC (2009) Mice defective in Trpm6 show embryonic mortality and neural tube defects. Hum Mol Genet 18:4367–4375
Wolf FI, Trapani V, Simonacci M, Mastrototaro L, Cittadini A, Schweigel M (2009) Modulation of TRPM6 and Na+/Mg2+ exchange in mammary epithelial cells in response to variations of magnesium availability. J Cell Physiol 222:374–381
Woodard JC, Webster PD, Carr AA (1972) Primary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, diarrhea and insensitivity to parathyroid hormone. Am J Dig Dis 17:612–618
Woudenberg-Vrenken TE, Sukinta A, van der Kemp AW, Bindels RJ, Hoenderop JG (2010) Transient receptor potential melastatin 6 knockout mice are lethal whereas heterozygous deletion results in mild hypomagnesemia. Nephron Physiol 117:p11–p19
Wuensch T, Thilo F, Krueger K, Scholze A, Ristow M, Tepel M (2010) High glucose-induced oxidative stress increases transient receptor potential channel expression in human monocytes. Diabetes 59:844–849
Xie J, Sun B, Du J, Yang W, Chen HC, Overton JD, Runnels LW, Yue L (2011) Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) controls magnesium gatekeeper TRPM6 activity. Sci Rep 1:146
Yamaguchi H, Matsushita M, Nairn AC, Kuriyan J (2001) Crystal structure of the atypical protein kinase domain of a TRP channel with phosphotransferase activity. Mol Cell 7:1047–1057
Yang Z, Lasker K, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Webb B, Huang CC, Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Meng EC, Sali A, Ferrin TE (2011) UCSF Chimera, MODELLER, and IMP: an integrated modeling system. J Struct Biol 179:269–278
Zhao Z, Pei Y, Huang X, Liu Y, Yang W, Sun J, Si N, Xing X, Li M, Wang O, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Xia W (2013) Novel TRPM6 Mutations in Familial Hypomagnesemia with Secondary Hypocalcemia. Am J Nephrol 37:541–548
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chubanov, V., Gudermann, T. (2014). TRPM6. In: Nilius, B., Flockerzi, V. (eds) Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Cation Channels. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 222. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54214-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54215-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)