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Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with Incoherent Light

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Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 179))

Abstract

Although broadband incoherent light does not efficiently couple into a high-finesse optical cavity, its transmission is readily detectable and enables applications in cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the gas phase, liquid phase and on surfaces. This chapter gives an overview of measurement principles and experimental approaches implementing incoherent light sources in cavity-enhanced spectroscopic applications. The general principles of broadband CEAS are outlined and general “pros and cons” discussed, detailing aspects like cavity mirror reflectivity calibration or the establishment of detection limits. Different approaches concerning light sources, cavity design and detection schemes are discussed and a comprehensive overview of the current literature based on a methodological classification scheme is also presented.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The principle of measuring the cavity transmission directly to determine the loss inside a cavity was first implemented by O’Keefe [2] who used a pulsed cavity ring-down setup and named the approach “integrated cavity output spectroscopy” (ICOS). Besides CEAS as an acronym for cw applications, the abbreviation ICOS is also found in the literature.

  2. 2.

    The term “white light” will be used synonymously for “incoherent broadband over a certain spectral region”.

  3. 3.

    \(R(\lambda)=\sqrt{R_{1} R_{2}}\), where R 1,R 2 are the reflectivities of the individual cavity mirrors (Fig. 14.2).

  4. 4.

    High resolution spectra of the weak b−X(1←0) transition of O2 at 14529 cm−1 and of the fifth overtone of the acetylene C–H stretch vibration at 18430 cm−1 are reported in [77] with a FWHM of 0.18 and 0.44 cm−1, respectively.

  5. 5.

    Note that the gases used (He and air) have large differences in their Rayleigh scattering cross sections.

  6. 6.

    An exception is the setup in Ref. [7] where interferometric processing of the signal was done before the cavity and the transmitted signal was measured immediately after the cavity by a photomultiplier tube.

  7. 7.

    The “instrumental/environmental” noise does not include systematic error sources and needs to be considered from experiment to experiment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge support by Science Foundation Ireland (11/RFP.1/PHY/3233), by the European Marie Curie Programme (FP7 IEF-302109, Alma Mater), and the IRCSET INSPIRE post-doc fellowship scheme cofounded by the FP7 Marie Curie programme (COFUND).

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  1. Physics Department & Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    A. A. Ruth, S. Dixneuf & R. Raghunandan

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  1. A. A. Ruth
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  2. S. Dixneuf
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  3. R. Raghunandan
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Correspondence to A. A. Ruth .

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  1. CNR-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Pozzuoli, Italy

    Gianluca Gagliardi

  2. Dept. of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    Hans-Peter Loock

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Ruth, A.A., Dixneuf, S., Raghunandan, R. (2014). Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with Incoherent Light. In: Gagliardi, G., Loock, HP. (eds) Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 179. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40003-2_14

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