Skip to main content

First-Order Resolution Methods for Modal Logics

  • Chapter
Programming Logics

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 7797))

Abstract

In this paper we give an overview of results for modal logic which can be shown using techniques and methods from first-order logic and resolution. Because of the breadth of the area and the many applications we focus on the use of first-order resolution methods for modal logics. In addition to traditional propositional modal logics we consider more expressive PDL-like dynamic modal logics closely related to description logics. Without going into too much detail, we survey different ways of translating modal logics into first-order logic, we explore different ways of using first-order resolution theorem provers to solve a range of reasoning problems for modal logics, and we discuss a variety of results which have been obtained in the setting of first-order resolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. AlBarakati, R.G.: Development of a tableaux resolution prover. Master’s thesis, The University of Manchester, UK (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. AlBarakati, R.G.: spass-tab (2009), http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~schmidt/spass-tab/

  3. Andréka, H., Németi, I., van Benthem, J.: Modal languages and bounded fragments of predicate logic. Journal of Philosophical Logic 27(3), 217–274 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Andréka, H., van Benthem, J., Németi, I.: Back and forth between modal logic and classical logic. Bulletin of the IGPL 3(5), 685–720 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Areces, C., Gennari, R., Heguiabehere, J., de Rijke, M.: Tree-based heuristics in modal theorem proving. In: Proc. ECAI 2000, pp. 199–203. IOS Press (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Auffray, Y., Enjalbert, P.: Modal theorem proving: An equational viewpoint. Journal of Logic and Computation 2(3), 247–297 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H.: Rewrite-based equational theorem proving with selection and simplification. Journal of Logic and Computation 4(3), 217–247 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H.: Equational reasoning in saturation-based theorem proving. In: Bibel, W., Schmitt, P.H. (eds.) Automated Deduction—A Basis for Applications, vol. I, pp. 353–397. Kluwer (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H.: Resolution theorem proving. In: Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning, pp. 19–99. Elsevier (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H., Waldmann, U.: Superposition with Simplification as a Decision Procedure for the Monadic Class with Equality. In: Mundici, D., Gottlob, G., Leitsch, A. (eds.) KGC 1993. LNCS, vol. 713, pp. 83–96. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Bachmair, L., Ganzinger, H., Waldmann, U.: Refutational theorem proving for hierarchic first-order theories. Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing 5(3/4), 193–212 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Baumgartner, P.: A First-order Davis-Putnam-Logeman-Loveland Procedure. In: McAllester, D. (ed.) CADE-17. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1831, pp. 200–219. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Baumgartner, P., Horton, J.D., Spencer, B.: Merge Path Improvements for Minimal Model Hyper Tableaux. In: Murray, N.V. (ed.) TABLEAUX 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1617, pp. 51–66. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Baumgartner, P., Schmidt, R.A.: Blocking and Other Enhancements for Bottom-Up Model Generation Methods. In: Furbach, U., Shankar, N. (eds.) IJCAR 2006. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4130, pp. 125–139. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Baumgartner, P., Schmidt, R.A.: Blocking and other enhancements for bottom-up model generation methods. Manuscript (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Baumgartner, P., Tinelli, C.: The Model Evolution Calculus. In: Baader, F. (ed.) CADE 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2741, pp. 350–364. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Blackburn, P., de Rijke, M., Venema, V.: Modal Logic. Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 53. Cambridge University Press (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bledsoe, W.W.: Splitting and reduction heuristics in automatic theorem proving. Artificial Intelligence 2, 55–77 (1971)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Brink, C., Britz, K., Schmidt, R.A.: Peirce algebras. Formal Aspects of Computing 6(3), 339–358 (1994)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Bry, F., Yahya, A.: Positive unit hyperresolution tableaux for minimal model generation. Journal of Automated Reasoning 25(1), 35–82 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Castilho, M.A., Fariñas del Cerro, L., Gasquet, O., Herzig, A.: Modal tableaux with propagation rules and structural rules. Fundamenta Informaticae 32(3-4), 281–297 (1997)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Chortaras, A., Trivela, D., Stamou, G.: Optimized Query Rewriting for OWL 2 QL. In: Bjørner, N., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V. (eds.) CADE 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6803, pp. 192–206. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. de Nivelle, H.: Splitting through New Proposition Symbols. In: Nieuwenhuis, R., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2250, pp. 172–185. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. de Nivelle, H., Schmidt, R.A., Hustadt, U.: Resolution-based methods for modal logics. Logic Journal of the IGPL 8(3), 265–292 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. de Rijke, M.: Extending Modal Logic. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Degtyarev, A., Fisher, M., Konev, B.: Monodic temporal resolution. ACM Transactions in Computational Logic 7(1), 108–150 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Demri, S., de Nivelle, H.: Deciding regular grammar logics with converse through first-order logic. Journal of Logic, Language and Information 14(3), 289–329 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Demri, S., Gabbay, D.: On modal logics characterized by models with relative accessibility relations: Part II. Studia Logica 66(3), 349–384 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Doherty, P., Lukaszewicz, W., Szalas, A.: Computing circumscription revisited: A reduction algorithm. Journal of Automated Reasoning 18(3), 297–336 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Doherty, P., Lukaszewicz, W., Szalas, A., Gustafsson, J.: dls (1996), http://www.ida.liu.se/labs/kplab/projects/dls/

  31. Engel, T.: Quantifier elimination in second-order predicate logic. Diplomarbeit, Fachbereich Informatik, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Fariñas del Cerro, L., Herzig, A.: Modal deduction with applications in epistemic and temporal logics. In: Gabbay, D.M., Hogger, C.J., Robinson, J.A. (eds.) Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming: Epistemic and Temporal Reasoning, pp. 499–594. Clarendon Press (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Fermüller, C., Leitsch, A., Hustadt, U., Tammet, T.: Resolution decision procedures. In: Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning, pp. 1791–1849. Elsevier (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Fisher, M., Dixon, C., Peim, M.: Clausal temporal resolution. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 2(1), 12–56 (2001)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  35. Gabbay, D.M., Ohlbach, H.J.: Quantifier elimination in second-order predicate logic. South African Computer Journal 7, 35–43 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Gabbay, D.M., Schmidt, R.A., Szałas, A.: Second-Order Quantifier Elimination: Foundations, Computational Aspects and Applications. Studies in Logic: Mathematical Logic and Foundations, vol. 12. College Publications (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ganzinger, H., de Nivelle, H.: A superposition decision procedure for the guarded fragment with equality. In: Proc. LICS-14, pp. 295–303. IEEE (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ganzinger, H., Hustadt, U., Meyer, C., Schmidt, R.A.: A resolution-based decision procedure for extensions of K4. In: Advances in Modal Logic. Lecture Notes, vol. 2, 119, pp. 225–246. CSLI Publications (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ganzinger, H., Korovin, K.: New directions in instantiation-based theorem proving. In: Proc. LICS-18, pp. 55–64. IEEE (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ganzinger, H., Meyer, C., Veanes, M.: The two-variable guarded fragment with transitive relations. In: Proc. LICS-14, pp. 24–34. IEEE (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ganzinger, H., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V.: Chaining techniques for automated theorem proving in finitely-valued logics. In: Proc. ISMVL 2000, pp. 337–344. IEEE (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gargov, G., Passy, S.: A note on Boolean modal logic. In: Mathematical Logic: Proceedings of the 1988 Heyting Summerschool, pp. 299–309. Plenum Press (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gargov, G., Passy, S., Tinchev, T.: Modal environment for Boolean speculations. In: Mathematical Logic and its Applications: Proceedings of the 1986 Gödel Conference, pp. 253–263. Plenum Press (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Georgieva, L., Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: Computational Space Efficiency and Minimal Model Generation for Guarded Formulae. In: Nieuwenhuis, R., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2250, pp. 85–99. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Georgieva, L., Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: A New Clausal Class Decidable by Hyperresolution. In: Voronkov, A. (ed.) CADE 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2392, pp. 260–274. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Georgieva, L., Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: Hyperresolution for guarded formulae. Journal of Symbolic Computation 36(1–2), 163–192 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. Goranko, V., Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A., Vakarelov, D.: SCAN is Complete for all Sahlqvist Formulae. In: Berghammer, R., Möller, B., Struth, G. (eds.) RelMiCS 2003. LNCS, vol. 3051, pp. 149–162. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Goré, R.: Tableau methods for modal and temporal logics. In: D’Agostino, M., Gabbay, D., Hähnle, R., Posegga, J. (eds.) Handbook of Tableau Methods, pp. 297–396. Kluwer (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Grädel, E.: Decision Procedures for Guarded Logics. In: Ganzinger, H. (ed.) CADE 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1632, pp. 31–51. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. Grädel, E.: On the restraining power of guards. Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, 1719–1742 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  51. Hasegawa, R., Fujita, H., Koshimura, M.: Efficient Minimal Model Generation using Branching Lemmas. In: McAllester, D. (ed.) CADE-17. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1831, pp. 184–199. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Herzig, A.: Raisonnement automatique en logique modale et algorithmes d’unification. PhD thesis, University Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Herzig, A.: A new decidable fragment of first order logic. In: Abstracts of 3rd Logical Biennial, Summer School & Conf. in honour of S. C. Kleene, Bulgaria (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Horrocks, I., Hustadt, U., Sattler, U., Schmidt, R.A.: Computational modal logic. In: Blackburn, P., van Benthem, J., Wolter, F. (eds.) Handbook of Modal Logic. Studies in Logic and Practical Reasoning, pp. 181–245. Elsevier (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Humberstone, I.L.: Inaccessible worlds. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 24(3), 346–352 (1983)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. Humberstone, I.L.: The modal logic of ‘all and only’. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 28(2), 177–188 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  57. Hustadt, U.: Resolution-Based Decision Procedures for Subclasses of First-Order Logic. PhD thesis, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hustadt, U., Konev, B.: TRP++: A temporal resolution prover. In: Collegium Logicum, pp. 65–79. Kurt Gödel Society (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hustadt, U., Motik, B., Sattler, U.: Deciding expressive description logics in the framework of resolution. Information and Computation 206(5) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: An empirical analysis of modal theorem provers. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 9(4), 479–522 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  61. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: Maslov’s Class K Revisited. In: Ganzinger, H. (ed.) CADE 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1632, pp. 172–186. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  62. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: On the relation of resolution and tableaux proof systems for description logics. In: IJCAI 1999, pp. 110–115. Morgan Kaufmann (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: Issues of Decidability for Description Logics in the Framework of Resolution. In: Caferra, R., Salzer, G. (eds.) FTP 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1761, pp. 191–205. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  64. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: MSPASS: Modal Reasoning by Translation and First-Order Resolution. In: Dyckhoff, R. (ed.) TABLEAUX 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1847, pp. 67–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  65. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A.: Using resolution for testing modal satisfiability and building models. Journal of Automated Reasoning 28(2), 205–232 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  66. Hustadt, U., Schmidt, R.A., Georgieva, L.: A survey of decidable first-order fragments and description logics. Journal of Relational Methods in Computer Science 1, 251–276 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kazakov, Y.: Consequence-driven reasoning for horn \(\mathcal{SHIQ}\) ontologies. In: Proc. IJCAI 2009, pp. 2040–2045 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kazakov, Y., Motik, B.: A resolution-based decision procedure for \(\mathcal{SHOIQ}\). Journal of Automated Reasoning 40(2-3), 89–116 (2008); Erratum in Journal of Automated Reasoning 40(4), 357 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Konev, B.: TRP++ 2.1, (2010) http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~konev/software/trp++/

  70. Konev, B., Degtyarev, A., Dixon, C., Fisher, M., Hustadt, U.: Mechanising first-order temporal resolution. Information and Computation 199(1–2), 55–86 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  71. Kracht, M.: Tools and Techniques in Modal Logic. Studies in Logic, vol. 142. Elsevier (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kurucz, Á., Németi, I., Sain, I., Simon, A.: Undecidable varieties of semilattice-ordered semigroups, of Boolean algebras with operators and logics extending lambek calculus. Bulletin of the IGPL 1(1), 91–98 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  73. Ludwig, M.: Advancing Formal Verification: Resolution-Based Methods for Linear-Time Temporal Logics. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, UK (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ludwig, M.: TSPASS 0.94 (2010), http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~michel/software/tspass/

  75. Ludwig, M., Hustadt, U.: Fair Derivations in Monodic Temporal Reasoning. In: Schmidt, R.A. (ed.) CADE-22. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5663, pp. 261–276. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  76. Ludwig, M., Hustadt, U.: Implementing a fair monodic temporal logic prover. AI Communication 23(2-3), 69–96 (2010)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  77. Maslov, S.J.: The inverse method for establishing deducibility for logical calculi. In: Orevkov, V.P., Petrovskiǐ, I.G., Nikol’skiǐ, S.M. (eds.) Proc. of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, vol. 98, pp. 25–96. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Massacci, F.: Single step tableaux for modal logics: Computational properties, complexity and methodology. Journal of Automated Reasoning 24(3), 319–364 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  79. Motik, B., Shearer, R., Horrocks, I.: Hypertableau reasoning for description logics. Journal of Artifical Intelligence Research 36, 165–228 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  80. Nellas, K.: Reasoning about sets and relations: A tableaux-based automated theorem prover for Peirce logic. Master’s thesis, The University of Manchester, UK (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Niemelä, I.: A Tableau Calculus for Minimal Model Reasoning. In: Miglioli, P., Moscato, U., Ornaghi, M., Mundici, D. (eds.) TABLEAUX 1996. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1071, pp. 278–294. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  82. Nieuwenhuis, R., Rubio, A.: Paramodulation-based theorem proving. In: Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning, pp. 371–443. Elsevier (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Nonnengart, A.: First-order modal logic theorem proving and functional simulation. In: Proc. IJCAI 1993, pp. 80–85. Morgan Kaufmann (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Nonnengart, A.: A Resolution-Based Calculus For Temporal Logics. PhD thesis, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Nonnengart, A.: Resolution-Based Calculi for Modal and Temporal Logics. In: McRobbie, M.A., Slaney, J.K. (eds.) CADE 1996. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1104, pp. 598–612. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  86. Nonnengart, A., Ohlbach, H.J., Szałas, A.: Elimination of predicate quantifiers. In: Ohlbach, H.J., Reyle, U. (eds.) Logic, Language and Reasoning. Essays in Honor of Dov Gabbay, pp. 159–181. Kluwer (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Ohlbach, H.J.: Semantics based translation methods for modal logics. Journal of Logic and Computation 1(5), 691–746 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  88. Ohlbach, H.J.: Translation methods for non-classical logics: An overview. Bulletin of the IGPL 1(1), 69–89 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  89. Ohlbach, H.J.: Combining Hilbert Style and Semantic Reasoning in a Resolution Framework. In: Kirchner, C., Kirchner, H. (eds.) CADE 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1421, pp. 205–219. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  90. Ohlbach, H.-J., Engel, T.: scan (1994), http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/departments/d2/software/SCAN/

  91. Ohlbach, H.J., Nonnengart, A., de Rijke, M., Gabbay, D.: Encoding two-valued nonclassical logics in classical logic. In: Robinson, A., Voronkov, A. (eds.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning, pp. 1403–1486. Elsevier (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Ohlbach, H.J., Schmidt, R.A.: Functional translation and second-order frame properties of modal logics. Journal of Logic and Computation 7(5), 581–603 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  93. Pérez-Urbina, H., Motik, B., Horrocks, I.: Tractable query answering and rewriting under description logic constraints. Journal of Applied Logic 8(2), 186–209 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  94. Purdy, W.C.: Decidability of fluted logic with identity. Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 37(1), 84–104 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  95. Purdy, W.C.: Quine’s ‘limits of decision’. Journal of Symbolic Logic 64(4), 1439–1466 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  96. Quine, W.V.: Variables explained away. In: Proc. American Philosophy Society, vol. 104, pp. 343–347 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  97. Quine, W.V.: Algebraic logic and predicate functors. In: Rudner, R., Scheffler, I. (eds.) Logic and Art: Esssays in Honor of Nelson Goodman. Bobbs-Merrill (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Riazanov, A., Voronkov, A.: Vampire. In: Ganzinger, H. (ed.) CADE 1999. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1632, pp. 292–296. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  99. Riazanov, A., Voronkov, A.: Splitting without backtracking. In: Proc. IJCAI 2001, pp. 611–617. Morgan Kaufmann (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  100. Robinson, J.A.: A machine-oriented logic based on the resolution principle. Journal of the ACM 12(1), 23–41 (1965)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  101. Sahlqvist, H.: Completeness and correspondence in the first and second order semantics for modal logics. In: Proc. 3rd Scandinavian Logic Symposium, pp. 110–143. North-Holland (1973-1975)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Schmidt, R.A.: Optimised Modal Translation and Resolution. PhD thesis, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  103. Schmidt, R.A.: Decidability by resolution for propositional modal logics. Journal of Automated Reasoning 22(4), 379–396 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  104. Schmidt, R.A.: MSPASS (1999), http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~schmidt/mspass/

  105. Schmidt, R.A.: Improved Second-Order Quantifier Elimination in Modal Logic. In: Hölldobler, S., Lutz, C., Wansing, H. (eds.) JELIA 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5293, pp. 375–388. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  106. Schmidt, R.A.: A new methodology for developing deduction methods. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 55(1–2), 155–187 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  107. Schmidt, R.A.: Simulation and synthesis of deduction calculi. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 262, 221–229 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  108. Schmidt, R.A., Hustadt, U.: A Resolution Decision Procedure for Fluted Logic. In: McAllester, D. (ed.) CADE 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1831, pp. 433–448. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  109. Schmidt, R.A., Hustadt, U.: Mechanised Reasoning and Model Generation for Extended Modal Logics. In: de Swart, H., Orłowska, E., Schmidt, G., Roubens, M. (eds.) Theory and Applications of Relational Structures as Knowledge Instruments. LNCS, vol. 2929, pp. 38–67. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  110. Schmidt, R.A., Hustadt, U.: A Principle for Incorporating Axioms into the First-Order Translation of Modal Formulae. In: Baader, F. (ed.) CADE 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2741, pp. 412–426. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  111. Schmidt, R.A., Hustadt, U.: The axiomatic translation principle for modal logic. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 8(4), 1–55 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  112. Schmidt, R.A., Orlowska, E., Hustadt, U.: Two Proof Systems for Peirce Algebras. In: Berghammer, R., Möller, B., Struth, G. (eds.) RelMiCS 2003. LNCS, vol. 3051, pp. 238–251. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  113. Schmidt, R.A., Tishkovsky, D.: Using Tableau to Decide Expressive Description Logics with Role Negation. In: Aberer, K., Choi, K.-S., Noy, N., Allemang, D., Lee, K.-I., Nixon, L.J.B., Golbeck, J., Mika, P., Maynard, D., Mizoguchi, R., Schreiber, G., Cudré-Mauroux, P. (eds.) ASWC 2007 and ISWC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4825, pp. 438–451. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  114. Schulz, S.: E: A brainiac theorem prover. Journal of AI Communications 15(2–3), 111–126 (2002)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  115. Smith, K.J.: The axiomatic translation of modal logic into first order logic. Master’s thesis, The University of Manchester, UK (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  116. Smith, K.J.: Downloads for project in Axiomatic Translation of Modal Logic 2007/8 Manchester (2008), http://project.kjsmith.net/

  117. Stenz, G.: DCTP 1.2 - System Abstract. In: Egly, U., Fermüller, C. (eds.) TABLEAUX 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2381, pp. 335–340. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  118. Szałas, A.: On the correspondence between modal and classical logic: An automated approach. Journal of Logic and Computation 3(6), 605–620 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  119. van Benthem, J.: Correspondence theory. In: Gabbay, D., Guenther, F. (eds.) Handbook of Philosophical Logic, pp. 167–247. Reidel, Dordrecht (1984)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  120. Weidenbach, C., Brahm, U., Hillenbrand, T., Keen, E., Theobald, C., Topic, D.: SPASS Version 2.0. In: Voronkov, A. (ed.) CADE 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2392, pp. 275–279. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  121. Weidenbach, C., Schmidt, R.A., Hillenbrand, T., Rusev, R., Topic, D.: System Description: Spass Version 3.0. In: Pfenning, F. (ed.) CADE 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4603, pp. 514–520. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  122. Zamov, N.K.: Modal resolutions. Soviet Mathematics 33(9), 22–29 (1989); Translated from Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Mat. 9(328), 22–29 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  123. Zhang, L.: CTL-RP 00.25 (2010), http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~lan/softwares.html

  124. Zhang, L.: Clausal Reasoning for Branching-Time Logics. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, UK (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  125. Zhang, L., Hustadt, U., Dixon, C.: A Refined Resolution Calculus for CTL. In: Schmidt, R.A. (ed.) CADE-22. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5663, pp. 245–260. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  126. Zhang, L., Hustadt, U., Dixon, C.: CTL-RP: A computation tree logic resolution prover. AI Communication 23(2-3), 111–136 (2010)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schmidt, R.A., Hustadt, U. (2013). First-Order Resolution Methods for Modal Logics. In: Voronkov, A., Weidenbach, C. (eds) Programming Logics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7797. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37651-1_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37651-1_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37650-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37651-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics