Abstract
The family Streptomycetaceae comprises the genera Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, and Streptacidiphilus that are very difficult to differentiate both with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. A separate generic status for Kitasatospora and Streptacidiphilus is questionable. Members of the family can be characterized as non-acid-alcohol-fast actinomycetes that generate most often an extensively branched substrate mycelium that rarely fragments. At maturity, the aerial mycelium forms chains of few to many spores. A large variety of pigments is produced, responsible for the color of the substrate and aerial mycelium. The organisms are chemoorganotrophic with an oxidative type of metabolism and grow within different pH ranges. Streptomyces are notable for their complex developmental cycle and production of bioactive secondary metabolites, producing more than a third of commercially available antibiotics. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and immunosuppressant compounds have been identified as products of Streptomyces secondary metabolism. Streptomyces can be distinguished from other filamentous actinomycetes on the basis of morphological characteristics, in particular by vegetative mycelium, aerial mycelium, and arthrospores. The genus comprises at the time of writing more than 600 species with validated names. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based analysis for species delineation within the Streptomycetaceae is of limited value. The variations within the 16S rRNA genes—even in the variable regions—are too small to resolve problems of species differentiation and to establish a taxonomic structure within the genus. Comprehensive comparative studies including protein-coding gene sequences with higher phylogenetic resolution and genome-based studies are needed to clarify the species delineation within the Streptomycetaceae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
AL denotes the inclusion of this name on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (1980).
References
Acosta-Martinez V, Dowd S, Sun Y, Allen V (2008) Tag-encoded pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in a single soil type as affected by management and land use. Soil Biol Biochem 40:2762–2770
Adams MJ, Lapwood DH (1978) Studies on the lenticel development, surface microflora and infection by common scab (Streptomyces scabies) of potato tubers growing in wet and dry soils. Ann Appl Biol 90:335–343
Aharonowitz Y, Cohen G (1992) Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis genes: structure, organization, regulation, and evolution. Annu Rev Microbiol 46:461–495
Aínsa JA, Parry HD, Chater KF (1999) A response regulator-like protein that functions at an intermediate stage of sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 34(3):607–619
Aínsa JA, Ryding NJ, Hartley N, Findlay KC, Bruton CJ, Chater KF (2000) WhiA, a protein of unknown function conserved among gram-positive bacteria, is essential for sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 182(19):5470–5478
Aínsa JA, Bird N, Ryding NJ, Findlay KC, Chater KF (2010) The complex whiJ locus mediates environmentally sensitive repression of development of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 98(2):225–236
Akanuma G, Ueki M, Ishizuka M, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S (2011) Control of aerial mycelium formation by the BldK oligopeptide ABC transporter in Streptomyces griseus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 315(1):54–62
Al-Diwany LJ, Cross T (1978) Ecological studies on nocardioforms and other actinomycetes in aquatic habitats. In: Mordarski M, Kurylowicz W, Jeljaszewicz J (eds) Nocardia and Streptomyces. Proceedings of international symposium on Nocardia and Streptomyces, Warsaw, 1976. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 153–160
Amoroso MJ, Schubert D, Mitscherlich P, Schumann P, Kothe E (2000) Evidence for high affinity nickel transporter genes in heavy metal resistant Streptomyces spec. J Basic Microbiol 40:295–301
Andersen AS, Wellington EMH (2001) The taxonomy of Streptomyces and related genera. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:797–814
Antai SP, Crawford DL (1981) Degradation of softwood, hardwood and grass lignocelluloses by two Streptomyces strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 42:378–380
Antony-Babu S, Goodfellow M (2008) Biosystematics of alkaliphilic streptomycetes isolated from seven locations across a beach and dune sand system. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 94:581–591
Antony-Babu S, Stach JEM, Goodfellow M (2010) Computer-assisted numerical analysis of colour-group data for dereplication of streptomycetes for bioprospecting and ecological purposes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 97:231–239
Anukool U, Gaze WH, Wellington EMH (2004) In situ monitoring of streptothricin production by Streptomyces rochei F20 in soil and rhizosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:5222–5228
Anzai Y, Okuda T, Watanabe J (1994) Application of the random amplified polymorphic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction for accient elimination of duplicate strains in microbial screening. II. Actinomycetes. J Antibiot 47:183–193
Archuleta JG, Easton GD (1981) The cause of deep-pitted scab of potatoes. Am Potato J 58:385–392
Arias ME, Arenas M, Rodriguez J, Soliveri J, Ball AS, Hernandez M (2003) Kraft pulp biobleaching and mediated oxidation of a nonphenolic substrate by laccase from Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:1953–1958
Atalan E, Manfio GP, Ward AC, Kroppenstedt RM, Goodfellow M (2000) Biosystematic studies on novel streptomycetes from soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 77:337–353
August PR, Tang L, Yoon YJ, Ning S, Muller R, Yu TW, Taylor M, Hoffmann D, Kim CG, Zhang XH, Hutchinson CR, Floss HG (1998) Biosynthesis of the ansamycin antibiotic rifamycin—deductions from the molecular analysis of the rif biosynthetic gene cluster of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699. Chem Biol 5:69–79
Ausmees N, Wahlstedt H, Bagchi S, Elliot MA, Buttner MJ, Flärdh K (2007) SmeA, a small membrane protein with multiple functions in Streptomyces sporulation including targeting of a SpoIIIE/FtsK-like protein to cell division septa. Mol Microbiol 65(6):1458–1473
Babalola OO, Kirby BM, Le Roes-Hill M, Cook AE, Cary SC, Burton SG, Cowan DA (2009) Phylogenetic analysis of actinobacterial populations associated with Antarctic Dry Valley mineral soils. Environ Microbiol 11:566–576
Bachoon DS, Araujo R, Molina M, Hodson RE (2001) Microbial community dynamics and evaluation of bioremediation strategies in oil-impacted salt marsh sediment microcosms. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 27:72–79
Bailey CR, Bruton CJ, Butler MJ, Chater KF, Harris JE, Hopwood DA (1986) Properties of in vitro recombinant derivatives of pJV1, a multi-copy plasmid from Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. J Gen Microbiol 132:2071–2078
Baldacci E (1958) Development in the classification of actinomycetes. G Microbiol 6:10–27
Baldacci E, Spalla C, Grein A (1954) The classification of Actinomyces species (Streptomyces). Arch Mikrobiol 20:347–357
Banchio C, Gramajo HC (1997) Medium- and long-chain fatty acid uptake and utilization by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): first characterization of a Gram-positive bacterial system. Microbiology 143:2439–2447
Barbe V, Bouzon M, Mangenot S, Badet B, Poulain J, Segurens B, Vallenet D, Marlière P, Weissenbach J (2011) Complete genome sequence of Streptomyces cattleya NRRL 8057, a producer of antibiotics and fluorometabolites. J Bacteriol 193(18):5055–5056
Barke J, Seipke RF, Yu DW, Hutchings MI (2011) A mutualistic microbiome: how do fungus-growing ants select their antibiotic-producing bacteria? Commun Integr Biol 4:41–43
Barto EK, Alt F, Oelmann Y, Wilcke W, Rillig MC (2010) Contributions of biotic and abiotic factors to soil aggregation across a land use gradient. Soil Biol Biochem 42:2316–2324
Behal V (2000) Bioactive products from Streptomyces. Adv Appl Microbiol 47:113–156
Benedict RG, Pridham TG, Lindenfelser LA, Hall HH, Jackson RW (1955) Further studies in the evaluation of carbohydrate utilization tests as aids in the differentiation of species of Streptomyces. Appl Microbiol 3:1–6
Bentley SD, Chater KF, Cerdeño-Tárraga AM, Challis GL, Thomson NR, James KD, Harris DE, Quail MA, Kieser H, Harper D, Bateman A, Brown S, Chandra G, Chen CW, Collins M, Cronin A, Fraser A, Goble A, Hidalgo J, Hornsby T, Howarth S, Huang CH, Kieser T, Larke L, Murphy L, Oliver K, O’Neil S, Rabbinowitsch E, Rajandream MA, Rutherford K, Rutter S, Seeger K, Saunders D, Sharp S, Squares R, Squares S, Taylor K, Warren T, Wietzorrek A, Woodward J, Barrell BG, Parkhill J, Hopwood DA (2002) Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Nature 417(6885):141–147
Bérdy J (2005) Bioactive microbial metabolites. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 58:1–26
Berger DR, Reynolds DM (1958) The chitinase system of a strain Streptomyces griseus. Biochim Biophys Acta 29:522–534
Beyazova M, Lechevalier MP (1993) Taxonomic utility of restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of large DNA fragments from Streptomyces strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:674–682
Beyer M, Diekmann D (1985) The chitinase system of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 11238 and its significance for fungal cell wall degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 23:140–146
Bibb MJ, Sherman DH, Omura S, Hopwood DA (1994) Cloning, sequencing and deduced functions of a cluster of Streptomyces genes probably encoding biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotic frenolicin. Gene 142:31–39
Bibb MJ, Molle V, Buttner MJ (2000) Sigma(BldN), an extracytoplasmic function RNA polymerase sigma factor required for aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 182(16):4606–4616
Bignell DE (1984) The arthropod gut as an environment for microorganisms. In: Anderson JM, Rayner ADM, Walton DWH (eds) Invertebrate-microbial interactions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 205–227
Bignell DE, Oskarsson H, Anderson JM (1980) Colonization of the epithelial face of the peritrophic membrane and the ectoperitrophic space by actinomycetes in a soil-feeding termite. J Invertebr Pathol 36:426–428
Bignell DE, Oskarsson H, Anderson JM (1981) Association of actinomycetes with soil-feeding termites: a novel symbiotic relationship? In: Schaal KP, Pulverer G (eds) Actinomycetes. Proceedings of 4th international Symposium on actinomycete biology, Cologne, 1979. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 201–206
Bignell DR, Warawa JL, Strap JL, Chater KF, Leskiw BK (2000) Study of the bldG locus suggests that an anti-anti-sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor may be involved in Streptomyces coelicolor antibiotic production and sporulation. Microbiology 146(9):2161–2173
Binnie C, Warren M, Butler MJ (1989) Cloning and heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans of Streptomyces rimosus genes involved in oxytetracycline biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 171:887–895
Blaak H, Schrempf H (1995) Binding and substrate specificities of a Streptomyces olivaceoviridis chitinase in comparison with its proteolytically processed form. Eur J Biochem 229:132–139
Blanco G, Rodicio MR, Puglia AM, Méndez C, Thompson CJ, Salas JA (1994) Synthesis of ribosomal proteins during growth of Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 12:375–385
Bormann C, Möhrle V, Bruntner C (1996) Cloning and heterologous expression of the entire set of structural genes for nikkomycin synthesis from Streptomyces tendae Tü901 in Streptomyces lividans. J Bacteriol 178:1216–1218
Borodina I, Krabben P, Nielsen J (2005a) Genome-scale analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) metabolism. Genome Res 15:820–829
Borodina I, Scholler C, Eliasson A, Nielsen J (2005b) Metabolic network analysis of Streptomyces tenebrarius, a Streptomyces species with an active Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:2294–2302
Borodina I, Siebring J, Zhang J, Smith CP, van Keulen G, Dijkhuizen L, Nielsen J (2008) Antibiotic overproduction in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) mediated by phosphofructokinase deletion. J Biol Chem 283:25186–25199
Bouchek-Mechiche K, Gardan L, Normand P, Jouan B (2000) DNA relatedness among strains of Streptomyces pathogenic to potato in France: description of three new species, S. europaeiscabiei sp. nov. and S. stelliscabiei sp. nov. associated with common scab, and S. reticuliscabiei sp. nov. associated with netted scab. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:91–99
Bouchek-Mechiche K, Gardan L, Andrivon D, Normand P (2006) Streptomyces turgidiscabies and Streptomyces reticuliscabiei: one genomic species, two pathogenic groups. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2771–2776
Braña AF, Méndez C, Díaz LA, Manzanal MB, Hardisson C (1986) Glycogen and trehalose accumulation during colony development in Streptomyces antibioticus. J Gen Microbiol 132(5):1319–1326
Brian PW (1957) The ecological significance of antibiotic production. In: Williams REO, Spicer CC (eds) Microbial ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 168–188
Brown RL, Peterson GE (1966) Cholesterol oxidation by soil actinomycetes. J Gen Microbiol 45:441–450
Brüsewitz G (1959) Untersuchungen über den Einfluss des Regenwurms auf Zahl, Art und Leistungen von Mikroorganismen im Boden. Arch Microbiol 33:52–82
Buckley DH, Schmidt TM (2003) Diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in soils from agro-ecosystems. Environ Microbiol 5:441–452
Burkholder PR, Sun SH, Ehrlich J, Anderson L (1954) Criteria of speciation in the genus Streptomyces. Ann NY Acad Sci 60:102–123
Burman NP (1973) The occurrence and significance of actinomycetes in water supply. In: Sykes G, Skinner FA (eds) Actinomycetales: characteristics and practical importance. Academic, London, pp 219–230
Burman NP, Oliver CP, Stevens JK (1969) Membrane filtration techniques for the isolation from water, of coli-aerogenes, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, actinomycetes and microfungi. In: Shapton DA, Gould GW (eds) Isolation Methods for Microbiologists. Academic, London, pp 127–134
Butler M, Bruheim J, Jovetic P, Marinelli S, Postma F, Bibb MJ (2002) Engineering of primary carbon metabolism for improved antibiotic production in Streptomyces lividans. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:4731–4739
Calcutt MJ, Schmidt FJ (1992) Conserved gene arrangement in the origin region of the Streptomyces coelicolor chromosome. J Bacteriol 174:3220–3226
Capstick DS, Willey JM, Buttner MJ, Elliot MA (2007) SapB and the chaplins: connections between morphogenetic proteins in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 64(3):602–613
Capstick DS, Jomaa A, Hanke C, Ortega J, Elliot MA (2011) Dual amyloid domains promote differential functioning of the chaplin proteins during Streptomyces aerial morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(24):9821–9826
Carvajal F (1947) The production of spores in submerged cultures by some Streptomycetes. Mycologia 39:426–440
Carvajal F (1953) Phage problems in the streptomycin fermentation. Mycologia 45:209–234
Challis GL, Hopwood DA (2003) Synergy and contingency as driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by Streptomyces species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(Suppl 2):14555–14561
Chamberlain K, Crawford DL (2000) Thatch biodegradation and antifungal activities of two lignocellulolytic Streptomyces strains in laboratory cultures and in golf green turfgrass. Can J Microbiol 46:550–558
Champness WC (1988) New loci required for Streptomyces coelicolor morphological and physiological differentiation. J Bacteriol 170(3):1168–1174
Chandramohan D, Ramu S, Natarajan R (1972) Cellulolytic activity of marine streptomycetes. Curr Sci 41:245–246
Chater KF (1972) A morphological and genetic mapping study of white colony mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol 72(1):9–28
Chater KF (1986) Streptomyces phages and their applications for Streptomyces genetics. In: Queener SW, Day LE (eds) The bacteria, vol 9, Antibiotic-producing Streptomyces. Academic, Orlando, pp 119–158
Chater KF (1998) Taking a genetic scalpel to the Streptomyces colony. Microbiology 144:1465–1478
Chater KF (2006) Streptomyces inside-out: a new perspective on the bacteria that provide us with antibiotics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361(1469):761–768
Chater KF, Bruton CJ (1985) Resistance, regulatory and production genes for the antibiotic methylenomycin are clustered. EMBO J 4:1893–1897
Chater KF, Chandra G (2006) The evolution of development in Streptomyces analysed by genome comparisons. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:651–672
Chater KF, Horinouchi S (2003) Signalling early developmental events in two highly diverged Streptomyces species. Mol Microbiol 48:9–15
Chater KF, Lomovskaya ND, Voeykova TA, Sladkova IA, Mkrtumian NM, Muravnik GL (1986) Streptomyces ÈC31-like phages: cloning vectors, genome changes and host range. In: Szabo G, Biro S, Goodfellow M (eds) Biological, biochemical and biomedical aspects of actinomycetes. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp 45–54
Chater KF, Bruton CJ, Plaskitt KA, Buttner MJ, Méndez C, Helmann JD (1989) The developmental fate of S. coelicolor hyphae depends upon a gene product homologous with the motility sigma factor of B. subtilis. Cell 59(1):133–143
Chater KF, Biro S, Lee KJ, Palmer T, Schrempf H (2010) The complex extracellular biology of Streptomyces. FEMS Microbiol Rev 34:171–198
Chen CW (1995) The unstable ends of the Streptomyces linear chromosomes: a nuisance without cures? Trends Biotechnol 13:157–160
Chen CW, Huang CH, Lee HH, Tsai HH, Kirby R (2002) Once the circle has been broken: dynamics and evolution of Streptomyces chromosomes. Trends Genet 18:522–529
Chesters CGC, Apinis A, Turner M (1956) Studies of the decomposition of seaweeds and seaweed products by microorganisms. Proc Linn Soc Lond 166:87–97
Cho YH, Lee EJ, Ahn BE, Roe JH (2001) SigB, an RNA polymerase sigma factor required for osmoprotection and proper differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 42(1):205–214
Cho SH, Han JH, Seong CN, Kim SB (2006) Phylogenetic diversity of acidophilic sporoactinobacteria isolated from various soils. J Microbiol 44:600–606
Cho SH, Han JH, Ko HY, Kim SB (2008) Streptacidiphilus anmyonensis sp. nov., Streptacidiphilus rugosus sp. nov. and Streptacidiphilus melanogenes sp. nov., acidophilic actinobacteria isolated from Pinus soils. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:1566–1570
Choulet F, Aigle B, Gallois A, Mangenot S, Gerbaud C, Truong C, Francou FX, Fourrier C, Guérineau M, Decaris B, Barbe V, Pernodet JL, Leblond P (2006) Evolution of the terminal regions of the Streptomyces linear chromosome. Mol Biol Evol 23:2361–2369
Chronakova A, Kristufek V, Tichy M, Elhottova D (2010) Biodiversity of streptomycetes isolated from a succession sequence at a post-mining site and their evidence in Miocene lacustrine sediment. Microbiol Res 165:594–608
Claessen D, Wösten HA, van Keulen G, Faber OG, Alves AM, Meijer WG, Dijkhuizen L (2002) Two novel homologous proteins of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans are involved in the formation of the rodlet layer and mediate attachment to a hydrophobic surface. Mol Microbiol 44(6):1483–1492
Claessen D, Rink R, de Jong W, Siebring J, de Vreugd P, Boersma FG, Dijkhuizen L, Wosten HA (2003) A novel class of secreted hydrophobic proteins is involved in aerial hyphae formation in Streptomyces coelicolor by forming amyloid-like fibrils. Genes Dev 17(14):1714–1726
Claessen D, Stokroos I, Deelstra HJ, Penninga NA, Bormann C, Salas JA, Dijkhuizen L, Wösten HA (2004) The formation of the rodlet layer of streptomycetes is the result of the interplay between rodlins and chaplins. Mol Microbiol 53:433–443
Clarke SD, Ritchie DA, Williams ST (1993) Ribosomal DNA restriction fragment analysis of some closely related Streptomyces species. Syst Appl Microbiol 16:256–260
Collins MD, Jones D (1981) Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implications. Microbiol Rev 45:316–354
Corke CT, Chase FE (1956) The selective enumeration of actinomycetes in the presence of large numbers of fungi. Can J Microbiol 2:12–16
Craveri R, Pagani H (1962) Thermophilic microorganisms among actinomycetes in the soil. Ann Microbiol 12:115–130
Crawford DL (1978) Lignocellulose decomposition by selected Streptomyces strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 3:1041–1045
Crawford RL (1981) Lignin biodegradation and transformation. Wiley, New York
Crawford DL (1988) Biodegradation of agricultural and urban wastes. In: Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Mordarski M (eds) Actinomycetes in biotechnology. Academic, London, pp 433–459
Crawford DL, McCoy E (1972) Cellulases of Thermomonospora fusca and Streptomyces thermodiastaticus. Appl Microbiol 24:150–152
Crawford DL, Doyle JD, Wang Z, Hendricks CW, Bentjen SA, Bolton H Jr, Fredrickson JK, Bleakley BH (1993) Effects of lignin peroxidase-expressing recombinant, Streptomyces lividans TK23.1, on biogeochemical cycling and the numbers and activities of microorganisms in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:508–518
Crespi M, Messens E, Caplan AB, Vanmontagu M, Desomer J (1992) Fasciation induction by the phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians depends upon a linear plasmid encoding a cytokinin synthase gene. EMBO J 11:795–804
Crook P, Carpenter CC, Klens PF (1950) The use of sodium propionate in isolating actinomycetes from soils. Science 111:656
Cross T (1968) Thermophilic actinomycetes. J Appl Bacteriol 31:36–53
Cross T (1981a) Aquatic actinomycetes: a critical survey of the occurrence, growth and role of actinomycetes in aquatic habitats. J Appl Bacteriol 50:397–423
Cross T (1981b) The monosporic actinomycetes. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes, a handbook on habitats, isolation and identification of bacteria. Springer, Berlin, pp 2091–2102
Cross T (1982) Actinomycetes: a continuing source of new metabolites. Devlop Indust Microbiol 23:1–18
Cundell AM, Mulcock AP (1975) The biodegradation of vulcanized rubber. Devlop Indust Microbiol 16:88–96
D’Costa VM, McGrann KM, Hughes DW, Wright GD (2006) Sampling the antibiotic resistome. Science 311:374–377
Dalton KA, Thibessard A, Hunter JI, Kelemen GH (2007) A novel compartment, the ‘subapical stem’ of the aerial hyphae, is the location of a SigN-dependent, developmentally distinct transcription in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 64(3):719–737
Dance A (2008) Soil ecology: what lies beneath. Nature 455:724–725
Davis NK, Chater KF (1990) Spore colour in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) involves the developmentally regulated synthesis of a compound biosynthetically related to polyketide antibiotics. Mol Microbiol 4(10):1679–1691
de Jong W, Manteca A, Sanchez J, Bucca G, Smith CP, Dijkhuizen L, Claessen D, Wösten HA (2009) NepA is a structural cell wall protein involved in maintenance of spore dormancy in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 71(6):1591–1603
Decker H, Haag S (1995) Cloning and characterization of a polyketide synthase gene from Streptomyces fradiae Tu2717, which carries the genes for biosynthesis of the angucycline antibiotic urdamycin A and a gene probably involved in its oxygenation. J Bacteriol 177:6126–6136
Del Sol R, Pitman A, Herron P, Dyson P (2003) The product of a developmental gene, crgA, that coordinates reproductive growth in Streptomyces belongs to a novel family of small actinomycete-specific proteins. J Bacteriol 185(22):6678–6685
Del Sol R, Mullins JG, Grantcharova N, Flärdh K, Dyson P (2006) Influence of CrgA on assembly of the cell division protein FtsZ during development of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 188(4):1540–1550
Delafield FP, Doudoroff M, Palleroni NJ, Lusty CJ, Contolpoulos R (1965) Decomposition of poly-hydroxybutyrate by pseudomonads. J Bacteriol 90:1455–1466
den Hengst CD, Tran NT, Bibb MJ, Chandra G, Leskiw BK, Buttner MJ (2010) Genes essential for morphological development and antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor are targets of BldD during vegetative growth. Mol Microbiol 78(2):361–379
Deobald LA, Crawford DL (1987) Activities of cellulase and other extracellular enzymes during lignin solubilization by Streptomyces viridosporus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 26:158–163
Develoux M, Dieng MT, Ndiaye B (1999) Mycetoma of the neck and scalp in Dakar. J Mycol Med 9:179–209
Dharmatilake AJ, Kendrick KE (1994) Expression of the division-controlling gene ftsZ during growth and sporulation of the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Gene 147:21–28
Di Berardo C, Capstick DS, Bibb MJ, Findlay KC, Buttner MJ, Elliot MA (2008) Function and redundancy of the chaplin cell surface proteins in aerial hypha formation, rodlet assembly, and viability in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 190:5879–5889
Dietz A, Mathews J (1971) Classification of Streptomyces spore surfaces into five groups. Appl Microbiol 21:527–533
Distler J, Ebert A, Mansouri K, Pissowotzki K, Stockmann M, Piepersberg W (1987) Gene cluster for streptomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus: nucleotide sequence of three genes and analysis of transcriptional activity. Nucleic Acids Res 15:8041–8056
Donadio S, Sosio M, Lancini G (2002) Impact of the first Streptomyces genome sequence on the discovery and production of bioactive substances. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 60:377–380
Doroghazi JR, Buckley DH (2010) Widespread homologous recombination within and between Streptomyces species. ISME J 4(9):1136–1143
Dosch DC, Strohl WR, Floss HG (1988) Molecular cloning of the nosiheptide resistance gene from Streptomyces actuosus ATCC 25421. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 156:517–523
Ducote MJ, Prakash S, Pettis GS (2000) Minimal and contributing sequence determinants of the cis-acting locus of transfer (clt) of streptomycete plasmid pIJ101 occur within an intrinsically curved plasmid region. J Bacteriol 182:6834–6841
Dyson P (ed) (2010) Streptomyces: molecular biology and biotechnology. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk
Eccleston M, Ali RA, Seyler R, Westpheling J, Nodwell J (2002) Structural and genetic analysis of the BldB protein of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 184(15):4270–4276
Elliot MA, Leskiw BK (1999) The BldD protein from Streptomyces coelicolor is a DNA-binding protein. J Bacteriol 181(21):6832–6835
Elliot M, Damji F, Passantino R, Chater K, Leskiw B (1998) The bldD gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): a regulatory gene involved in morphogenesis and antibiotic production. J Bacteriol 180(6):1549–1555
Elliot MA, Bibb MJ, Buttner MJ, Leskiw BK (2001) BldD is a direct regulator of key developmental genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 40(1):257–269
Elliot MA, Karoonuthaisiri N, Huang J, Bibb MJ, Cohen SN, Kao CM, Buttner MJ (2003) The chaplins: a family of hydrophobic cell-surface proteins involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor. Genes Dev 17(14):1727–1740
El-Nakeeb MA, Lechevalier HA (1963) Selective isolation of aerobic actinomycetes. Appl Microbiol 11:75–77
Enger MD, Sleeper BP (1965) Multiple cellulase system from Streptomyces antibioticus. J Bacteriol 89:23–27
Ensign JC (1978) Formation, properties, and germination of actinomycete spores. Annu Rev Microbiol 32:185–219
Epp JK, Burgett SG, Schoner BE (1987) Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a carbomycin-resistance gene from Streptomyces thermotolerans. Gene 53:73–83
Erickson HP, Anderson DE, Osawa M (2010) FtsZ in bacterial cytokinesis: cytoskeleton and force generator all in one. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 74(4):504–528
Ettlinger L, Corbaz R, Hütter R (1958) Zur Systematik der Actinomyceten. 4. Eine Arteinteilung der Gattung Streptomyces Waksman et Henrici. Arch Mikrobiol 31:326–358
Facey PD, Hitchings MD, Saavedra-Garcia P, Fernandez-Martinez L, Dyson PJ, Del Sol R (2009) Streptomyces coelicolor Dps-like proteins: differential dual roles in response to stress during vegetative growth and in nucleoid condensation during reproductive cell division. Mol Microbiol 73(6):1186–1202
Facey PD, Sevcikova B, Novakova R, Hitchings MD, Crack JC, Kormanec J, Dyson PJ, Del Sol R (2011) The dpsA gene of Streptomyces coelicolor: induction of expression from a single promoter in response to environmental stress or during development. PLoS One 6(9):e25593
Fahal AH (2004) Mycetoma a thorn in the flesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98:3–11
Fahal AH (2006) Mycetoma: clinicopathological monograph. Karthoum University Press, Khartoum
Fahal AH, Hasan MA (1992) Mycetoma. Br J Surg 79:1138–1141
Fairbairn DA, Priest FG, Stark JR (1986) Extracellular amylase synthesis by Streptomyces limosus. Enzyme Microb Technol 8:89–92
Feitelson JS, Hopwood DA (1983) Cloning of a Streptomyces gene for an O-methyltransferase involved in antibiotic biosynthesis. Mol Gen Genet 190:394–398
Fenical W, Jensen PR (2006) Developing a new resource for drug discovery: marine actinomycete bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2:666–673
Fergus CL (1964) Thermophilic and thermotolerant molds and actinomycetes of mushroom compost during peak heating. Mycologia 56:267–284
Ferguson EV, Ward AC, Sanglier J-J, Goodfellow M (1997) Evaluation of Streptomyces species-groups by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Zentralbl Bakteriol 285:169–181
Festenstein GN, Lacey J, Skinner FA, Jenkins PA, Pepys J (1965) Selfheating of hay and grain in Dewar flasks and the development of farmer’s lung gay antigens. J Gen Microbiol 41:389–407
Fischer M, Alderson J, van Keulen G, White J, Sawers RG (2010) The obligate aerobe Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) synthesizes three active respiratory nitrate reductases. Microbiology (UK) 156:3166–3179
Fishman SE, Cox K, Larson JL, Reynolds PA, Seno ET, Yeh WK, van Frank R, Hershberger CL (1987) Cloning genes for the biosynthesis of a macrolide antibiotic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84:8248–8252
Flaig W, Kutzner HJ (1954) Zur Systematik der Gattung Streptomyces. Naturwissenschaften 41:287
Flaig W, Kutzner HJ (1960a) Beitrag zur Systematik der Gattung Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici. Arch Mikrobiol 35:105–138
Flaig W, Kutzner HJ (1960b) Beitrag zur Ökologie der Gattung Streptomyces Waksman et Henrici. Arch Mikrobiol 35:207–228
Flowers TH, Williams ST (1977a) Measurements of growth rates of streptomycetes: comparison of turbidimetric and gravimetric techniques. J Gen Microbiol 98:285–289
Flowers TH, Williams ST (1977b) The influence of pH on the growth rate and viability of neutrophilic and acidophilic streptomycetes. Microbios 18:223–228
Fowler-Goldsworthy K, Gust B, Mouz S, Chandra G, Findlay KC, Chater KF (2011) The Actinobacteria-specific gene wblA controls major developmental transitions in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Microbiology 157(Pt 5):1312–1328
Fulton TR, Losada MC, Fluder EM, Chou GT (1995) Ribosomal-RNA operon restriction derived taxa for streptomycetes (RIDITS). FEMS Microbiol Lett 125:149–158
Gans J, Wolinsky M, Dunbar J (2005) Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil. Science 309:1387–1390
Gauze GF, Preobrazhenskaya TP, Kudrina ES, Blinov NO, Ryabova ID, Sveshnikova MA (1957) Problems in the classification of antagonistic actinomycetes. State Publishing House for Medical Literature (in Russian), Medzig
Gehring AM, Yoo NJ, Losick R (2001) RNA polymerase sigma factor that blocks morphological differentiation by Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 183(20):5991–5996
Genner C, Hill EC (1981) Fuels and oils. In: Rose AH (ed) Microbial biodeterioration, vol 6, Economic microbiology. Academic, London, pp 259–306
Gerber NN (1979a) Odorous substances from actinomycetes. Devlop Indust Microbiol 20:225–238
Gerber NN (1979b) Volatile substances from actinomycetes: their role in the odor pollution of water. Crit Rev Microbiol 9:191–214
Gladek A, Mordarski M, Goodfellow M, Williams ST (1985) Ribosomal ribonucleic acid similarities in the classification of Streptomyces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 26:175–180
Glauert AM, Hopwood DA (1960) The fine structure of Streptomyces coelicolor I. The cytoplasmic membrane system. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 7:479–488
Godden B, Legon T, Helvenstein P, Penninckx M (1989) Regulation of the production of hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by a Streptomyces sp. growing on lignocellulose. J Gen Microbiol 135:285–292
Goodfellow M, Dawson D (1978) Qualitative and quantitative studies of bacteria colonizing Picea sitchensis litter. Soil Biol Biochem 10:303–307
Goodfellow M, Fiedler H-P (2010) A guide to successful bioprospecting: informed by actinobacterial systematics. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 98:119–142
Goodfellow M, Haynes JA (1984) Actinomycetes in marine sediments. In: Ortiz-Ortiz L, Bojalil LF, Yakoleff V (eds) Biological, biochemical and biomedical aspects of actinomycetes. Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on actinomycetes biology, Oaxtepec, Mexico, 1982. Academic, Orlando, pp 453–472
Goodfellow M, Williams ST (1983) Ecology of actinomycetes. Annu Rev Microbiol 37:189–216
Goodfellow M, Williams ST (1986) New strategies for the selective isolation of industrially important bacteria. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 4:213–262
Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Alderson G (1986a) In Validation of the publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. List No. 22. Int J Syst Bacteriol 36:573–576
Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Alderson G (1986b) Transfer of Actinosporangium violaceum Krasil’nikov and Yuan, Actinosporangium vitaminophilum Shomura et al. and Actinopycnidium caeruleum Krasil’nikov to the genus Streptomyces, with emended descriptions of the species. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:61–64
Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Alderson G (1986c) Transfer of Chainia species to the genus Streptomyces with emended description of the species. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:55–60
Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Alderson G (1986d) Transfer of Elytrosporangium brasiliense Falcão de Morais et al., Elytrosporangium carpinense Falcão de Morais et al., Elytrosporangium spirale Falcão de Morais et al., Microellobospora cinerea Cross et al., Microellobosporia flavea Cross et al., Microellobosporia grisea (Konev et al.) Pridham and Microellobosporia violacea (Tsyganov et al.) Pridham to the genus Streptomyces with emended description of the species. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:48–54
Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Alderson G (1986e) Transfer of Kitasatoa purpurea Matsumae and Hata to the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces purpureus comb. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:65–66
Goodfellow M, Lonsdale C, James AL, MacNamara OC (1987) Rapid biochemical tests for the characterisation of streptomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 43:39–44
Gottschalk LM, Nobrega R, Bon EP (2003) Effect of aeration on lignin peroxidase production by Streptomyces viridosporus T7A. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 105:799–807
Grantcharova N, Ubhayasekera W, Mowbray SL, McCormick JR, Flardh K (2003) A missense mutation in ftsZ differentially affects vegetative and developmentally controlled cell division in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 47:645–656
Grantcharova N, Lustig U, Flärdh K (2005) Dynamics of FtsZ assembly during sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 187(9):3227–3237
Gravius B, Glocker D, Pigac J, Pandza K, Hranueli D, Cullum J (1994) The 387 kb linear plasmid pPZG101 of Streptomyces rimosus and its interactions with the chromosome. Microbiology 140:2271–2277
Gray DI, Gooday GW, Prosser JI (1990) Apical hyphal extension in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Gen Microbiol 136(6):1077–1084
Gregory PH, Lacey ME (1963) Mycological examination of dust from mouldy hay associated with farmer’s lung disease. J Gen Microbiol 30:75–88
Greiner-Mai E, Kroppenstedt RM, Korn-Wendisch F, Kutzner HJ (1987) Morphological and biochemical characterization and emended descriptions of thermophilic actinomycetes species. Syst Appl Microbiol 9:97–106
Groth I, Rodriguez C, Schütze B, Schmitz P, Leistner E, Goodfellow M (2004) Five novel Kitasatospora species from soil: Kitasatospora arboriphila sp. nov., K. gansuensis sp. nov., K. nipponensis sp. nov., K. paranensis sp. nov. and K. terrestris sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:2121–2129
Grubbs KJ, Biedermann PHW, Suen G, Adams SM, Moeller JA, Klassen JL, Goodwin LA, Woyke T, Munk AC, Bruce D, Detter C, Tapia R, Han CS, Currie CR (2011) Genome sequence of Streptomyces griseus strain XylebKG-1, an ambrosia beetle-associated actinomycete. J Bacteriol 193:2890–2891
Gumaa SA (1994) The aetiology and epidemiology of mycetoma. Sudan Med J 32(Suppl):14–22
Gumaa SA, Mahgoub ES (1975) Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of mycetoma and its sensitivity as compared to immunodiffusion. Sabouradia 13:309–315
Gundlapally SR, Garcia-Pichel F (2006) The community and phylogenetic diversity of biological soil crusts in the Colorado Plateau studied by molecular fingerprinting and intensive cultivation. Microb Ecol 52:345–357
Guo Y, Zheng W, Rong X, Huang Y (2008) A multilocus phylogeny of the Streptomyces griseus 16S rRNA gene clade: use of multilocus sequence analysis for streptomycete systematics. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:149–159
Haeder S, Wirth R, Herz H, Spiteller D (2009) Candicidin-producing Streptomyces support leaf-cutting ants to protect their fungus garden against the pathogenic fungus Escovopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:4742–4746
Haferburg G, Kothe E (2007) Microbes and metals: interactions in the environment. J Basic Microbiol 47:453–467
Hagedorn C (1976) Influences of soil acidity on Streptomyces populations inhabiting forest soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 32:368–375
Hagege J, Pernodet J-L, Friedmann A, Guérineau M (1993) Mode and origin of replication of pSAM2, a conjugative integrating element of Streptomyces ambofaciens. Mol Microbiol 10:799–812
Hain T, Ward-Rainey N, Kroppenstedt RM, Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA (1997) Discrimination of Streptomyces albidoflavus strains based on the size and number of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:202–206
Haldenwang WG, Losick R (1979) A modified RNA polymerase transcribes a cloned gene under sporulation control in Bacillus subtilis. Nature 282(5736):256–260
Han L, Yang K, Ramalingam E, Mosher RH, Vining LC (1994) Cloning and characterization of polyketide synthase genes for jadomycin B biosynthesis in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230. Microbiology 140:3379–3389
Han JH, Cho MH, Kim SB (2012) Ribosomal and protein coding gene based multigene phylogeny on the family Streptomycetaceae. Syst Appl Microbiol 35(1):1–6
Hanka LJ, Schaadt RD (1988) Methods for isolation of Streptoverticillia from soils. J Antibiot 41:576–578
Hanka LJ, Rueckert PW, Cross T (1985) Method for isolating strains of the genus Streptoverticillium from soil. FEMS Microbiol Lett 30:365–368
Hansen LH, Ferrari B, Sorensen AH, Veal D, Sorensen SJ (2001) Detection of oxytetracycline production by Streptomyces rimosus in soil microcosms by combining whole-cell biosensors and flow cytometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:239–244
Harchand RK, Singh S (1997) Extracellular cellulase system of a thermotolerant streptomycete: Streptomyces albaduncus. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 44:229–239
Hatano K, Nishi T, Kasai H (2003) Taxonomic re-evaluation of whorl-forming Streptomyces (formerly Streptoverticillium) species by using phenotypes, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequences of gyrB, and proposal of Streptomyces luteireticuli (ex Katoh and Arai 1957) corrig., sp. nov., nom. rev. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1519–1529
Hayakawa M, Nonomura H (1987a) Humic acid-vitamin agar, a new medium for the selective isolation of soil actinomycetes. J Ferment Technol 65:501–509
Hayakawa M, Nonomura H (1987b) Efficacy of artificial humic acid as a selective nutrient in HV agar used for the isolation of soil actinomycetes. J Ferment Technol 65:609–616
Herron P, Wellington EMH (1990) New method for the extraction of streptomycete spores from soil and application to the study of lysogeny in sterile amended and nonsterile soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:1406–1412
Hesketh AR, Chandra G, Shaw AD, Rowland JJ, Kell DB, Bibb MJ, Chater KF (2002a) Primary and secondary metabolism, and post-translational protein modifications, as portrayed by proteomic analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 46:917–932
Hesketh A, Fink D, Gust B, Rexer HU, Scheel B, Chater K, Wohlleben W, Engels A (2002b) The GlnD and GlnK homologues of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) are functionally dissimilar to their nitrogen regulatory system counterparts from enteric bacteria. Mol Microbiol 46:319–330
Hesseltine CW, Porter JN, Deduck N, Hauck M, Bohonos M, Williams JH (1954) A new species of Streptomyces. Mycologia 46:16–22
Heuer H, Krsek M, Baker P, Smalla K, Wellington EMH (1997) Analysis of actinomycete communities by specific amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA and gel-electrophoretic separation in denaturing gradients. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3233–3241
Hiraga K, Suzuki T, Oda K (2000) A novel double-headed proteinaceous inhibitor for metalloproteinase and serine proteinase. J Biol Chem 275:25173–25179
Hirsch CF, Christensen DL (1983) Novel method for selective isolation of actinomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 46:925–929
Hofheinz W, Grisebach H (1965) Die Fettsäuren von Streptomyces erythreus und Streptomyces halstedii. Z Naturforsch 20B:43
Homerova D, Sevcikova B, Rezuchova B, Kormanec J (2012) Regulation of an alternative sigma factor σI by a partner switching mechanism with an anti-sigma factor PrsI and an anti-anti-sigma factor ArsI in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Gene 492(1):71–80
Hong ST, Carney JR, Gould SJ (1997) Cloning and heterologous expression of the entire gene clusters for PD 116740 from Streptomyces strain WP 4669 and tetrangulol and tetrangomycin from Streptomyces rimosus NRRL 3016. J Bacteriol 179:470–476
Hopkins DW, MacNaughton SJ, O’Donnell AG (1991) A dispersion and differential centrifugation technique for representative sampling microorganisms from soil. Soil Biol Biochem 23:217–225
Hopwood DA (1999) Forty years of genetics with Streptomyces: from in vivo through in vitro to in silico. Microbiology 145(Pt 9):2183–2202
Hopwood DA (2003) Streptomyces genes: from Waksman to Sanger. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 30:468–471
Hopwood DA (2007a) Streptomyces in nature and medicine: the antibiotic makers. Oxford University Press, New York
Hopwood DA (2007b) Streptomyces in nature and medicine. The antibiotic makers. John Innes Centre, Oxford University Press, Oxford
Hopwood DA, Ferguson HM (1969) A rapid method for lyophilizing Streptomyces cultures. J Appl Bacteriol 32:434–436
Hopwood DA, Wildermuth H, Palmer HM (1970) Mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor defective in sporulation. J Gen Microbiol 61(3):397–408
Hopwood DA, Bibb MJ, Chater KF, Kieser T, Bruton CJ, Kieser HM, Lydiate DJ, Smith CP, Ward JM, Schrempf H (1985) Genetic manipulation of Streptomyces: a laboratory manual. John Innes Foundation, Norwich
Hori H, Osawa S (1987) The rates of evolution in some ribosomal components. J Mol Evol 9:191–201
Horinouchi S (2002) A microbial hormone, A-factor, as a master switch for morphological differentiation and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces griseus. Front Biosci 7:2045–2057
Hotta K, Saito N, Okami Y (1980) Studies on new aminoglycoside antibiotics, istamycins, from an actinomycete isolated from a marine environment. I. The use of plasmid profiles in screening antibiotic-producing streptomycetes. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 33:1502–1509
Hsiao N-H, Kirby R (2008) Comparative genomics of Streptomyces avermitilis, Streptomyces cattleya, Streptomyces maritimus and Kitasatospora aureofaciens using a Streptomyces coelicolor microarray system. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 93:1–25
Hsieh C-J, Jones GH (1995) Nucleotide sequence, transcriptional analysis, and glucose regulation of the phenoxazinone synthase gene (phsA) from Streptomyces antibioticus. J Bacteriol 177:5740–5747
Hsu SC, Lockwood JL (1975) Powered chitin as a selective medium for enumeration of actinomycetes in water and soil. Appl Microbiol 29:422–426
Huang J, Lih CJ, Pan KH, Cohen SN (2001) Global analysis of growth phase responsive gene expression and regulation of antibiotic biosynthetic pathways in Streptomyces coelicolor using DNA microarrays. Genes Dev 15:3183–3192
Huddleston AS, Hinks JL, Beyazova M, Horan A, Thomas DI, Baumberg S, Wellington EMH (1995) Studies on the diversity of streptomycin-producing streptomycetes. Biotekhnologia 7+8:242–253
Huddleston AS, Cresswell N, Neves MCP, Beringer JE, Baumberg S, Thomas DI, Wellington EMH (1997) Molecular detection of streptomycin-producing streptomycetes in Brazilian soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:1288–1297
Humm JH, Shepard KS (1946) Three new agar-digesting actinomycetes. Duke Univ Marine Station Bull 3:76–80
Hunt AC, Servín-González L, Kelemen GH, Buttner MJ (2005) The bldC developmental locus of Streptomyces coelicolor encodes a member of a family of small DNA-binding proteins related to the DNA-binding domains of the MerR family. J Bacteriol 187(2):716–728
Hutchinson M, Ridgway JW, Cross T (1975) Biodeterioration of rubber in contact with water, sewage and soil. In: Lovelock DW, Gilbert RJ (eds) Microbial aspects of deterioration of materials. Academic, London, pp 187–202
Hütter R (1962) Zur Systematik der Actinomyceten 8. Quirlbildende Streptomyceten. Arch Mikrobiol 43:365–391
Hütter R, Eckhardt T (1988) Genetic manipulation. In: Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Mordarski M (eds) Actinomycetes in biotechnology. Academic, London, pp 89–184
Ikeda H, Ishikawa J, Hanamoto A, Shinose M, Kikuchi H, Shiba T, Sakaki Y, Hattori M, Omura S (2003) Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the industrial microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis. Nat Biotechnol 21(5):526–531
Indiragandhi P, Yoon C, Yang JO, Cho S, Sa TM, Kim GH (2010) Microbial communities in the developmental stages of B and Q biotypes of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 53:605–617
Jagnow G (1957) Beiträge zur Ökologie der Streptomyceten. Arch Mikrobiol 26:175–191
Jakimowicz D, Majka J, Messer W, Speck C, Fernandez M, Cruz Martin M, Sanchez J, Schauwecker F, Keller U, Schrempf H, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J (1998) Structural elements of the Streptomyces oriC region and their interactions with the DnaA protein. Microbiology 144:1281–1290
Jakimowicz D, Mouz S, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Chater KF (2006) Developmental control of a parAB promoter leads to formation of sporulation-associated ParB complexes in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 188(5):1710–1720
Janshekar H, Fiechter A (1983) Lignin: biosynthesis, application and biodegradation. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 27:120–178
Jenkins SN, Waite IS, Blackburn A, Husband R, Rushton SP, Manning DC, O’Donnell AG (2009) Actinobacterial community dynamics in long term managed grasslands. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 95:319–334
Jensen HL (1930) The genus Micromonospora Ørskov, a little known group of soil microorganisms. Proc Linn Soc N S W 55:231–249
Jeuniaux C (1966) Chitinases. Methods Enzymol 8:644–650
Jiang CL, Xu LH (1996) Diversity of aquatic actinomycetes in lakes of the Middle Plateau, Yunnan, China. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:249–253
Jones KL (1949) Fresh isolates of actinomycetes in which the presence of sporogenous aerial mycelia is a fluctuating characteristic. J Bacteriol 57:141–145
Jonsbu E, Christensen B, Nielsen J (2001) Changes of in vivo fluxes through central metabolic pathways during the production of nystatin by Streptomyces noursei in batch culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:93–100
Kalkus J, Dörrie C, Fischer D, Reh M, Schlegel HG (1993) The giant linear plasmid pHG207 from Rhodococcus sp. encoding hydrogen autotrophy: characterization of the plasmid and its termini. J Gen Microbiol 139:2055–2065
Kaltenpoth M (2009) Actinobacteria as mutualists: general healthcare for insects? Trends Microbiol 17:529–535
Kaltenpoth M, Goettler W, Dale C, Stubblefield JW, Herzner G, Roeser-Mueller K, Strohm E (2006) ‘Candidatus Streptomyces philanthi’, an endosymbiotic streptomycete in the antennae of Philanthus digger wasps. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:1403–1411
Kämpfer P (2006) The family Streptomycetaceae—part 1: taxonomy. In: Dworkin M et al (eds) The prokaryotes, vol 3, Bacteria: firmicutes, actinomycetes. Springer, New York, pp 538–604
Kämpfer P (2012) Family I. Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL emend. Rainey, Ward-Rainey and Stackebrandt 1997, 486 emend. Kim, Lonsdale, Seong and Goodfellow 2003b, 113 emend. Zhi, Li and Stackebrandt 2009, 600. In: Goodfellow M, Kämpfer P, Busse H-J, Trujillo ME, Suzuki KI, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 5, 2nd edn, The Actinobacteria. Springer, New York, pp 1446–1455
Kämpfer P, Glaeser SP (2012) Prokaryotic taxonomy in the sequencing era—the polyphasic approach revisited. Environ Microbiol 14(2):291–317
Kämpfer P, Kroppenstedt RM, Dott W (1991) A numerical classification of the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium using miniaturized physiological tests. J Gen Microbiol 137:1831–1891
Kaneko M, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S (2003) Cinnamate: coenzyme A ligase from the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 185:20–27
Kataoka M, Ueda K, Kudo T, Seki T, Yoshida T (1997) Application of the variable region in 16S rDNA to create an index for rapid species identification in the genus Streptomyces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 151:249–255
Katsifas EA, Giannoutsou EP, Karagouni AD (1999) Diversity of streptomycetes among specific Greek terrestrial ecosystems. Lett Appl Microbiol 29:48–51
Kebeler M, Dabbs ER, Averhoff B, Gottschalk G (1996) Studies on the isopropylbenzene 2,3-dioxygenase and the 3′-isopropylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes encoded by the linear plasmid of Rhodococcus erythropolis BD2. Microbiology 142:3241–3251
Keijser BJ, Noens EE, Kraal B, Koerten HK, van Wezel GP (2003) The Streptomyces coelicolor ssgB gene is required for early stages of sporulation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 225(1):59–67
Kelemen GH, Buttner MJ (1998) Initiation of aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces. Curr Opin Microbiol 1(6):656–662
Kelemen GH, Brown GL, Kormanec J, Potúcková L, Chater KF, Buttner MJ (1996) The positions of the sigma factor genes, whiG and sigF, in the hierarchy controlling the development of spore chains in the aerial hyphae of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 21:593–603
Kelemen GH, Brian P, Flärdh K, Chamberlin L, Chater KF, Buttner MJ (1998) Developmental regulation of transcription of whiE, a locus specifying the polyketide spore pigment in Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). J Bacteriol 180(9):2515–2521
Kelemen GH, Viollier PH, Tenor J, Marri L, Buttner MJ, Thompson CJ (2001) A connection between stress and development in the multicellular prokaryote Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 40(4):804–814
KenKnight G, Munzie JH (1939) Isolation of phytopathogenic actinomycetes. Phytopathology 29:1000–1001
Khan MR, Williams ST (1975) Studies on the ecology of actinomycetes in soil. VIII. Distribution and characteristics of acidophilic actinomycetes. Soil Biol Biochem 7:345–348
Khan MR, Williams ST, Saha ML (1978) Studies on the microbial degradation of jute. Bangladesh J Jute Fibre Res 3:45–52
Kieser T, Bibb MJ, Buttner MJ, Chater KF, Hopwood DA (2000) Practical Streptomyces genetics. The John Innes Foundation, Norwich
Kim SB, Goodfellow M (2002) Streptomyces avermitilis sp. nov., nom. rev., a taxonomic home for the avermectin-producing streptomycetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:2011–2014
Kim IS, Lee KJ (1995) Physiological roles of leupeptin and extracellular proteases in mycelium development of Streptomyces exfoliatus SMF13. Microbiology 141:1017–1025
Kim D, Chun J, Sahin N, Hah YC, Goodfellow M (1996) Analysis of the thermophilic clades within the genus Streptomyces by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparisons. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:581–587
Kim SB, Falconer C, Williams E, Goodfellow M (1998) Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans sp. nov. and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus sp. nov., two moderately thermophilic carboxydotrophic species from soil. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:59–68
Kim B, Sahin N, Minnikin DE, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Mordarski M, Goodfellow M (1999) Classification of thermophilic streptomycetes, including the description of Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:7–17
Kim B, Al-Tai AM, Kim SB, Somasundaram P, Goodfellow M (2000a) Streptomyces thermocoprophilus sp. nov., a cellulase-free endo-xylanase-producing streptomycete. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:505–509
Kim HJ, Calcutt MJ, Schmidt FJ, Chater KF (2000b) Partitioning of the linear chromosome during sporulation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) involves an oriC-linked parAB locus. J Bacteriol 182:1313–1320
Kim SB, Lonsdale J, Seong CN, Goodfellow M (2003) Streptacidiphilus gen. nov., acidophilic actinomycetes with wall chemotype I and emendation of the family Streptomycetaceae (Waksman and Henrici 1943AL) emend. Rainey et al. 1997. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 83:107–116
Kim SB, Seong CN, Jeon SJ, Bae KS, Goodfellow M (2004) Taxonomic study of neutrotolerant acidophilic actinomycetes isolated from soil and description of Streptomyces yeochonensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:211–214
Kim IK, Lee CJ, Kim MK, Kim JM, Kim JH, Yim HS, Cha SS, Kang SO (2006) Crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of BldD, a central regulator of aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 60(5):1179–1193
Kinashi H, Shimaji-Murayama M, Hanafusa T (1991) Nucleotide sequence analysis of the unusually long terminal inverted repeats of a giant linear plasmid, SCP1. Plasmid 26:123–130
Kinkel LL, Schlatter DC, Bakker MG, Arenz BE (2012) Streptomyces competition and co-evolution in relation to plant disease suppression. Res Microbiol 163:490–499
Kirby R, Rybicki EP (1986) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a means of taxonomic analysis of Streptomyces and related organisms. J Gen Microbiol 132:1891–1894
Kirk TK, Farell RL (1987) Enzymatic combustion: the microbial degradation of lignin. Annu Rev Microbiol 41:465–505
Kirsop BE, Snell JJS (1984) Maintenance of microorganisms. A manual of laboratory methods. Academic, London
Kluepfel D, Ishaque M (1982) Xylan-induced cellulolytic enzymes in Streptomyces flavogriseus. Devlop Indust Microbiol 23:389–395
Kluepfel D, Shareck F, Mondou F, Morosoli R (1986) Characterisation of cellulase and xylanase activities of Streptomyces lividans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 24:230–234
Kodani S, Hudson ME, Durrant MC, Buttner MJ, Nodwell JR, Willey JM (2004) The SapB morphogen is a lantibiotic-like peptide derived from the product of the developmental gene ramS in Streptomyces coelicolor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(31):11448–11453
Kormanec J, Homerova D, Barak I, Sevcikova B (1999) A new gene, sigG, encoding a putative alternative sigma factor of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). FEMS Microbiol Lett 172:153–158
Kormanec J, Novakova R, Hamerova D, Rezuchova B (2001) Streptomyces aureofaciens sporulation-specific sigma factor sigma (rpoZ) directs expression of a gene encoding protein similar to hydrolases involved in degradation of the lignin-related biphenyl compounds. Res Microbiol 152:883–888
Korn F, Weingärtner B, Kutzner HJ (1978) A study of twenty actinophages: morphology, serological relationships and host range. In: Freeksen E, Tarnok I, Thumin JH (eds) Genetics of the actinomycetales. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 251–270
Kornillowicz-Kowalska T, Bohacz J (2011) Biodegradation of keratin waste: theory and practical aspects. Waste Manag 31:1689–1701
Korn-Wendisch F (1982) Phagentypisierung und Lysogenie bei Actinomyceten. PhD dissertation, TH Darmstadt
Korn-Wendisch F, Kutzner HJ (1992) The family Streptomycetaceae. In: Balows A, Trüper HG, Dworkin M, Harder W, Schleifer KH (eds) The prokaryotes. Springer, New York, pp 921–995
Korn-Wendisch F, Schneider J (1992) Phage typing: a useful tool in actinomycete systematics. Gene 115:243–247
Kosono S, Maeda M, Fuji F, Arai H, Kudo T (1997) Three of the seven bphC genes of Rhodococcus erythropolis TA421, isolated from a termite ecosystem, are located on an indigenous plasmid associated with biphenyl degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3282–3285
Krasil’nikov NA (1970) Pigmentation of actinomycetes and its significance in taxonomy. In: Prauser H (ed) The actinomycetales. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp 123–131
Krasil’nikov NA (1960) Taxonomic principles in the actinomycetes. J Bacteriol 79:65–71
Krasil’nikov NA, Yuan CS (1961) Actinosporangium, a new genus of the family Actinoplanaceae. Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Biol 8:113–116
Kristufek V, Ravasz K, Pizl V (1993) Actinomycete communities in earthworm guts and surrounding soil. Pedobiologia 37:379–384
Kristufek V, Hallmann M, Westheide W, Schrempf H (1995) Selection of various Streptomyces species by Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). Pedobiologia 39:547–554
Kroppenstedt RM (1977) Untersuchungen zur Chemotaxonomie der Ordnung Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917. PhD thesis, University Darmstadt
Kroppenstedt RM (1985) Fatty acid and menaquinone analysis of actinomycetes and related organisms. In: Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE (eds) Chemical methods in bacterial systematics. Academic, London, pp 173–199
Kroppenstedt RM (1992) The genus Nocardiopsis. In: Balows A, Trüper HG, Dworkin M, Harder W, Schleifer KH (eds) The prokaryotes. Springer, New York, pp 1139–1156
Kroppenstedt RM, Korn-Wendisch F, Fowler VJ, Stackebrandt E (1981) Biochemical and molecular evidence for a transfer of Actinoplanes armeniacus into the family Streptomycetaceae. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg 1 Abt Orig C2:254–262
Kurapova AI, Zenova GM, Sudnitsyn II, Kizilova AK, Manucharova NA, Norovsuren Z, Zvyagintsev DG (2012) Thermotolerant and thermophilic actinomycetes from soils of Mongolia desert steppe zone. Microbiology (Moscow) 81:98–108
Küster E, Williams ST (1964a) Production of hydrogen sulphide by streptomycetes and methods for its detection. J Appl Microbiol 12:46–52
Küster E, Williams ST (1964b) Selection of media for isolation of streptomycetes. Nature 202:928–929
Kutzner HJ (1961a) Effect of various factors on the efficiency of plating and plaque morphology of some Streptomyces phages. Pathol Microbiol 24:30–51
Kutzner HJ (1961b) Specificity of actinophages within a selected group of Streptomyces. Pathol Microbiol 24:170–191
Kutzner HJ (1972) Storage of Streptomyces in soft agar and by other methods. Experientia 28:1395
Kutzner HJ (1981) The family Streptomycetaceae. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes: a handbook on habitats, isolation and identification of bacteria, vol II. Springer, Berlin, pp 2028–2090
Kwon HC, Kauffman CA, Jensen PR, Fenical W (2006) Marinomycins A-D, antitumor-antibiotics of a new structure class from a marine actinomycete of the recently discovered genus “Marinispora”. J Am Chem Soc 128:1622–1632
Kwon HC, Kauffman CA, Jensen PR, Fenical W (2009) Marinisporolides, polyene-polyol macrolides from a marine actinomycete of the new genus Marinispora. J Org Chem 74:675–684
Labeda DP (1987) Transfer of the type strain of Streptomyces erythraeus (Waksman 1923) Waksman and Henrici 1948 to the genus Saccharopolyspora Lacey and Goodfellow 1975 as Saccharopolyspora erythraea sp. nov., and designation of a neotype strain for Streptomyces erythraeus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:19–22
Labeda DP (1988) Kitasatosporia mediocidica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:287–290
Labeda DP (1993) DNA relatedness among strains of the Streptomyces lavendulae phenotypic cluster group. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:822–825
Labeda DP (1996) DNA relatedness among verticil-forming Streptomyces species (formerly Streptoverticillium species). Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:699–703
Labeda DP (1998) DNA relatedness among the Streptomyces fulvissimus and Streptomyces griseoviridis phenotypic cluster group. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:829–832
Labeda DP (2011) Multilocus sequence analysis of phytopathogenic species of the genus Streptomyces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61(10):2525–2531
Labeda DP, Lyons AJ (1991a) Deoxyribonucleic-acid relatedness among species of the Streptomyces cyaneus cluster. Syst Appl Microbiol 14:158–164
Labeda DP, Lyons AJ (1991b) The Streptomyces violaceusniger cluster is heterogeneous in DNA relatedness among strains: emendation of the descriptions of S. violaceusniger and Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:398–401
Labeda DP, Goodfellow M, Brown R, Ward AC, Lanoot B, Vanncanneyt M, Swings J, Kim SB, Liu Z, Chun J, Tamura T, Oguchi A, Kikuchi T, Kikuchi H, Nishii T, Tsuji K, Yamaguchi Y, Tase A, Takahashi M, Sakane T, Suzuki KI, Hatano K (2012) Phylogenetic study of the species within the family Streptomycetaceae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 101(1):73–104
Lacalle RA, Tercero JA, Jimenez A (1992) Cloning of the complete biosynthetic gene cluster for an aminonucleoside antibiotic, puromycin, and its regulated expression in heterologous hosts. EMBO J 11:785–792
Lacey J (1974) Allergy in mushroom workers. Lancet 1:366–366
Lacey J (1988) Actinomycetes as biodeteriogens and pollutants of the environment. In: Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Mordarski M (eds) Actinomycetes in biotechnology. Academic, San Diego, pp 359–432
Lacey J, Dutkiewicz J (1976a) Isolation of actinomycetes and fungi using a sedimentation chamber. J Appl Bacteriol 41:315–319
Lacey J, Dutkiewicz J (1976b) Methods for examining the microflora of mouldy hay. J Appl Bacteriol 41:13–27
Lacey J, Lacey ME (1987) Microorganisms in the air of cotton mills. Ann Occup Hyg 31:1–19
Lam KS (2006) Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes. Curr Opin Microbiol 9:245–251
Lambert DH, Loria H (1989a) Streptomyces scabies sp. nov., nom. rev. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:387–392
Lambert DH, Loria H (1989b) Streptomyces acidiscabies sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:393–396
Lange BJ, Boyd WJR (1968) Preservation of fungal spores by drying on porcelain bead. Phytopathology 58:1711–1712
Lanoot B, Vancanneyt M, Cleenwerck I, Wang L, Li W, Liu Z, Swings J (2002) The search for synonyms among streptomycetes by using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins. Emendation of the species Streptomyces aurantiacus, Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, Streptomyces caeruleus and Streptomyces violaceus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:823–829
Laskaris P, Tolba S, Calvo-Bado L, Wellington L (2010) Coevolution of antibiotic production and counter-resistance in soil bacteria. Environ Microbiol 12:783–796
Laskaris P, Sekine T, Wellington EMH (2012) Diversity analysis of streptomycetes and associated phosphotranspherase genes in soil. PLoS One 7:e35756
Lawlor EJ, Baylis HA, Chater KF (1987) Pleiotropic morphological and antibiotic deficiencies result from mutations in a gene encoding a tRNA-like product in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Genes Dev 1(10):1305–1310
Leblond P, Decaris B (1994) New insights into the genetic instability of Streptomyces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 123:225–232
Leblond P, Fischer G, Francou F, Berger F, Guérineau M, Decaris B (1996) The unstable region of Streptomyces ambofaciens includes 210 kb terminal inverted repeats flanking the extremities of the linear chromosomal DNA. Mol Microbiol 19:261–271
Lechevalier MP (1988) Actinomycetes in agriculture and forestry. In: Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Mordarski M (eds) Actinomycetes in biotechnology. Academic, San Diego, pp 327–358
Lechevalier HA, Corke CT (1953) The replica plate method for screening antibiotic producing organism. Appl Microbiol 1:110–112
Lechevalier HA, Lechevalier MP (1970a) A critical evaluation of the genera of aerobic actinomycetes. In: Prauser H (ed) The actinomycetales. VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp 393–405
Lechevalier MP, Lechevalier HA (1970b) Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of aerobic actinomycetes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 20:435–443
Lechevalier MP, Lechevalier HA (1970c) Composition of whole-cell hydrolysates as a criterion in the classification of aerobic actinomycetes. In: Prauser H (ed) The actinomycetales. VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp 311–316
Lechevalier HA, Lechevalier MP, Gerber NN (1971) Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of actinomycetes. Adv Appl Microbiol 14:47–72
Lechevalier MP, De Bìevre C, Lechevalier H (1977) Chemotaxonomy of aerobic actinomycetes: phospholipid composition. Biochem Syst Ecol 5:249–260
Lechevalier MP, Seidler RJ, Evans TM (1980) Enumeration and characterization of standard plate count bacteria in chlorinated and raw water supplies. Appl Environ Microbiol 40:922–930
Lee EJ, Cho YH, Kim HS, Ahn BE, Roe JH (2004) Regulation of sigmaB by an anti- and an anti-anti-sigma factor in Streptomyces coelicolor in response to osmotic stress. J Bacteriol 186(24):8490–8498
Lee EJ, Karoonuthaisiri N, Kim HS, Park JH, Cha CJ, Kao CM, Roe JH (2005) A master regulator sigmaB governs osmotic and oxidative response as well as differentiation via a network of sigma factors in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 57(5):1252–1264
Lezhava A, Mizukami T, Kajitani T, Kameoka D, Redenbach M, Shinkawa H, Nimi O, Kinashi H (1995) Physical map of the linear chromosome of Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol 177:6492–6498
Lin YS, Kieser HM, Hopwood DA, Chen CW (1993) The chromosomal DNA of Streptomyces lividans 66 is linear. Mol Microbiol 10:923–933
Lin ZJ, Antemano RR, Hughen RW, Tianero MDB, Peraud O, Haygood MG, Concepcion GP, Olivera BM, Light A, Schmidt EW (2010) Pulicatins A-E, neuroactive thiazoline metabolites from cone snail-associated bacteria. J Nat Prod 73:1922–1926
Lin YB, Hao XL, Johnstone L, Miller SJ, Baltrus DA, Rensing C, Wei GH (2011a) Draft genome of Streptomyces zinciresistens K42, a novel metal-resistant species isolated from copper-zinc mine tailings. J Bacteriol 193:6408–6409
Lin YB, Wang XY, Li HF, Wang NN, Wang HX, Tang M, Wei GH (2011b) Streptomyces zinciresistens sp. nov., a zinc-resistant actinomycete isolated from soil from a copper and zinc mine. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:616–620
Lindner F, Wallhäusser KH (1955) Die Arbeitsmethoden der Forschung zur Auffindung neuer Antibiotica. Arch Mikrobiol 22:219–234
Lingappa Y, Lockwood JL (1962) Chitin media for selective isolation and culture of actinomycetes. Phytopathology 52:317–323
Lloyd AB (1969) Dispersal of streptomycetes in air. J Gen Microbiol 57:35–40
Locci R, Schofield GM (1989) Genus Streptoverticillium Baldacci 1958, 15, emend. Mut.char. Baldacci, Farina and Locci 168AL. In: Williams ST, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (eds) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, vol 4. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 2492–2504
Locci R, Sharples GP (1984) Morphology. In: Goodfellow M, Mordarski M, Williams ST (eds) The biology of actinomycetes. Academic, London, pp 165–199
Lombo F, Blanco G, Fernandez E, Mendez C, Salas JA (1996) Characterization of Streptomyces argillaceus genes encoding a polyketide synthase involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor antibiotic mithramycin. Gene 172:87–91
Lomovskaya ND, Chater KF, Mkrtumian NM (1980) Genetics and molecular biology of Streptomyces bacteriophages. Microbiol Rev 44:206–229
Lonsdale JT (1985) Aspects of the biology of acidophilic actinomycetes. PhD, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne
Loria R, Kers J, Joshi M (2006) Evolution of plant pathogenicity in Streptomyces. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44:469–487
Loria R, Bignell DRD, Moll S, Huguet-Tapia JC, Joshi MV, Johnson EG, Seipke RF, Gibson DM (2008) Thaxtomin biosynthesis: the path to plant pathogenicity in the genus Streptomyces. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 94:3–10
Ludwig W, Schleifer KH (1994) Bacterial phylogeny based on 16S and 23S rRNA sequence analysis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 15:155–173
Lutkenhaus J (1997) Bacterial cytokinesis: let the light shine in. Curr Biol 7:573–575
MacKenzie CR, Bilous D, Johnson KG (1984) Purification and characterization of an exoglucanase from Streptomyces flavogriseus. Can J Microbiol 30:1171–1178
Mahgoub ES (1985) Mycetoma. Int J Dermatol 24:230–239
Malpartida F, Hopwood DA (1984) Molecular cloning of the whole biosynthetic pathway of a Streptomyces antibiotic and its expression in a heterologous host. Nature 309:462–464
Malpartida F, Hopwood DA (1986) Physical and genetic characterisation of the gene cluster for the antibiotic actinorhodin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Gen Genet 205:66–73
Malpartida F, Niemi J, Navarrete R, Hopwood DA (1990) Cloning and expression in a heterologous host of the complete set of genes for biosynthesis of the Streptomyces coelicolor antibiotic undecylprodigiosin. Gene 93:91–99
Manchester L, Pot B, Kersters K, Goodfellow M (1990) Classification of Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium species by numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns. Syst Appl Microbiol 13:333–337
Mao XM, Zhou Z, Hou XP, Guan WJ, Li YQ (2009) Reciprocal regulation between SigK and differentiation programs in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 191(21):6473–6481
Margolin W (2003) Bacterial division: the fellowship of the ring. Curr Biol 13:16–18
Márialigeti K, Jáger K, Szabó IM, Pobozsny M, Dzingov A (1984) The faecal actinomycete flora of protracheoniscus amoenus (Woodlice; Isopoda). Acta Microbiol Hung 31:339–344
Marri L, Barboni E, Irdani T, Perito B, Mastromei G (1997) Restriction enzyme and DNA hybridization analysis of cellulolytic Streptomyces isolates of different origin. Can J Microbiol 43:395–399
Martin JP, Filip Z, Haider K (1976) Effect of montmorillonite and humate on growth and metabolic activity of some actinomycetes. Soil Biol Biochem 8:409–413
Mayfield CI, Williams ST, Ruddick SM, Hatfield HL (1972) Studies of the ecology of actinomycetes in soil IV. Observation in the form and growth of Streptomycetes in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 4:79–91
Mazurakova V, Sevcikova B, Rezuchova B, Kormanec J (2006) Cascade of sigma factors in streptomycetes: identification of a new extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigmaJ that is under the control of the stress-response sigma factor sigmaH in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch Microbiol 186(6):435–446
McCarthy AJ, Broda P (1984) Screening for lignin-degrading actinomycetes and characterization of their activity against [14C] lignin-labelled wheat lignocellulose. J Gen Microbiol 130:2905–2913
McCarthy AJ, MacDonald MJ, Paterson A, Broda P (1984) Lignocellulose degradation by actinomycetes. J Gen Microbiol 130:1023–1030
McCarthy AJ, Peace E, Broda P (1985) Studies on the extracellular xylanase activity of some thermophilic actinomycetes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 21:238–244
McCarthy AJ, Paterson A, Broda P (1986) Lignin solubilisation by Thermomonospora mesophila. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 24:347–352
McCormick JR, Flärdh K (2012) Signals and regulators that govern Streptomyces development. FEMS Microbiol Rev 36(1):206–231
McCormick JR, Su EP, Driks A, Losick R (1994) Growth and viability of Streptomyces coelicolor mutant for the cell division gene ftsZ. Mol Microbiol 14(2):243–254
McCue LA, Kwak J, Wang J, Kendrick KE (1996) Analysis of a gene that suppresses the morphological defect of bald mutants of Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol 178:2867–2875
McKillop C, Elvin P, Kenten J (1986) Cloning and expression of an extracellular-amylase gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus in Streptomyces lividans 66. FEMS Microbiol Lett 36:3–7
McNeil MM, Brown JM (1994) The medical important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 7:357–417
Mehling A, Wehmeier UF, Piepersberg W (1995) Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays in identifying conserved regions of actinomycete genomes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 128:119–126
Menzies JD, Dade CE (1959) A selective indicator medium for isolating Streptomyces scabies from potato tubers or soil. Phytopathology 49:457–458
Merrick MJA (1976) Morphological and genetic mapping study of bald colony mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol 96(2):299–315
Metcalfe AC, Krsek M, Gooday GW, Prosser JI, Wellington EMH (2002) Molecular analysis of a bacterial chitinolytic community in an upland pasture. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:5042–5050
Miguélez EM, Hardisson C, Manzanal MB (1999) Hyphal death during colony development in Streptomyces antibioticus: morphological evidence for the existence of a process of cell deletion in a multicellular prokaryote. J Cell Biol 145:515–525
Mikami Y, Miyashita K, Arai T (1985) Alkalophilic actinomycetes. In: Lechevalier HA (ed) The actinomycetes, vol 19, no. 3. Rutgers University Publications Department, New Jersey, pp 176–191
Mikami Y, Miyashita K, Arai T (1982) Diaminopimelic acid profiles of alkalophilic and alkaline-resistant strains of actinomycetes. J Gen Microbiol 128:1709–1712
Mikulik K, Janda I, Weiser J, Jiranova A (1982) Ribosomal proteins of Streptomyces aureofaciens producing tetracycline. Biochim Biophys Acta 699:203–210
Millner PD (1982) Thermophilic and thermotolerant actinomycetes in sewage-sludge compost. Devlop Indust Microbiol 23:61–78
Minambres B, Olivera ER, Jensen RA, Luengo JM (2000) A new class of glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH): biochemical and genetic characterization of the first member, the AMP-requiring NAD-specific GDH of Streptomyces clavuligerus. J Biol Chem 275:39529–39542
Miyajima K, Tanaka F, Takeuchi T, Kuninaga S (1998) Streptomyces turgidiscabies sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:495–502
Miyashita K, Fujii T, Sawada Y (1991) Molecular cloning and characterization of chitinase genes from Streptomyces lividans 66. J Gen Microbiol 137:2065–2072
Molle V, Buttner MJ (2000) Different alleles of the response regulator gene bldM arrest Streptomyces coelicolor development at distinct stages. Mol Microbiol 36(6):1265–1278
Molle V, Palframan WJ, Findlay KC, Buttner MJ (2000) WhiD and WhiB, homologous proteins required for different stages of sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 182(5):1286–1295
Mordarski M, Wieczorek J, Jaworska B (1970) On the condition of amylase production by actinomycetes. Arch Immunol Ther Exp 18:375–381
Mordarski M, Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Sneath PHA (1986) Evaluation of species groups in the genus Streptomyces. In: Szabó G, Biró S, Goodfellow M (eds) Biological, biochemical and biomedical aspects of actinomycetes. Akadémiai Kaidó, Budapest, pp 517–525
Morita RY (1985) Starvation and miniaturisation of heterotrophs, with special emphasis on maintenance of the starved viable state. In: Fletcher M, Floodgate GD (eds) Bacteria in their natural environments. Academic, London, pp 111–130
Morosoli R, Ostiguy S, Dupont C (1999) Effect of carbon source, growth and temperature on the expression of the sec genes of Streptomyces lividans 1326. Can J Microbiol 45:1043–1049
Motamedi H, Hutchinson CR (1987) Cloning and heterologous expression of a gene cluster for the biosynthesis of tetracenomycin C, the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic of Streptomyces glaucescens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:4445–4449
Murakami T, Anzai S, Imai S, Satoh A, Nagaoka K, Thompson CJ (1986) The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster. Mol Gen Genet 205:42–50
Muyzer G, de Waal EC, Uitterlinden AG (1993) Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:695–700
Nacke H, Thurmer A, Wollherr A, Will C, Hodac L, Herold N, Schoning I, Schrumpf M, Daniel R (2011) Pyrosequencing-based assessment of bacterial community structure along different management types in German forest and grassland soils. PLoS One 6:e17000
Nakade DB (2012) Studies on Actinomycetes in Rankala Lake of Kolhapur City and their screening as potential antibiotic producer. J Pure Appl Microbiol 6:945–947
Nakagaito Y, Yokota A, Hasegawa T (1992) Three new characspecies of the genus Streptomyces: Streptomyces cochleatus sp. nov., Streptomyces paracochleatus sp. nov., and Streptomyces azaticus sp. nov. J Gen Appl Microbiol 38:105–120
Nakata K, Horinouchi S, Beppu T (1989) Cloning and characterization of the carbapenem biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces fulvoviridis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 48:51–55
Naumova IB, Kuznetsov VD, Kudrina KS, Bezzubenkova AP (1980) The occurrence of teichoic acids in streptomycetes. Arch Microbiol 126:71–75
Nazir R, Warmink JA, Boersma H, van Elsas JD (2010) Mechanisms that promote bacterial fitness in fungal-affected soil microhabitats. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 71:169–185
Nette IT, Pomorzeva NJ, Koslova EI (1959) Destruction of caoutchouc by microorganisms. Mikrobiologiya 28:881–886
Nguyen KT, Willey JM, Nguyen LD, Nguyen LT, Viollier PH, Thompson CJ (2002) A central regulator of morphological differentiation in the multicellular bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 46(5):1223–1238
Nguyen KT, Tenor J, Stettler H, Nguyen LT, Nguyen LD, Thompson CJ (2003) Colonial differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor depends on translation of a specific codon within the adpA gene. J Bacteriol 185(24):7291–7296
Nikolakopoulou T, Egan S, van Overbeek L, Guillaume G, Heuer H, Wellington EMH, van Elsas JD, Collard JM, Smalla K, Karagouni A (2005) PCR detection of oxytetracycline resistance genes otr(A) and otr(B) in tetracycline-resistant streptomycete isolates from diverse habitats. Curr Microbiol 51:211–216
Nissen TV (1963) Distribution of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes in Danish soil. Experientia 19:470–471
Nodwell JR, Losick R (1998) Purification of an extracellular signaling molecule involved in production of aerial mycelium by Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 180(5):1334–1337
Nodwell JR, McGovern K, Losick R (1996) An oligopeptide permease responsible for the import of an extracellular signal governing aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 22:881–893
Nodwell JR, Yang M, Kuo D, Losick R (1999) Extracellular complementation and the identification of additional genes involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor. Genetics 151:569–584
Noens EE, Mersinias V, Traag BA, Smith CP, Koerten HK, van Wezel GP (2005) SsgA-like proteins determine the fate of peptidoglycan during sporulation of Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 58(4):929–944
Nolan RD, Cross T (1988) Isolation and screening of actinomycetes. In: Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Mordarski M (eds) Actinomycetes in biotechnology. Academic, San Diego, pp 1–32
Noval JJ, Nickerson WJ (1959) Decomposition of native keratin by Streptomyces fradiae. J Bacteriol 77:251–263
Novotna J, Vohradsky J, Berndt P, Gramajo H, Langen H, Li X-M, Minas W, Orsaria L, Roeder D, Thompson CJ (2003) Proteomic studies of diauxic lag in the differentiating prokaryote Streptomyces coelicolor reveal a regulatory network of stress-induced proteins and central metabolic enzymes. Mol Microbiol 48:1289–1303
Nüesch J (1965) Isolierung und Selektionierung von Actinomyceten. In: Symposium (“Anreicherungskultur und Mutantenauslese”) Göttingen, April 1964. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg, Abt 1 (Suppl 1):234–252
O’Connor TJ, Kanellis P, Nodwell JR (2002) The ramC gene is required for morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor and expressed in a cell type-specific manner under the direct control of RamR. Mol Microbiol 45:45–57
Obanye AIC, Hobbs G, Gardner DCJ, Oliver SG (1996) Correlation between carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and production of the antibiotic methylenomycin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Microbiology 142:133–137
Ochi K (1989) Heterogeneity of ribosomal proteins among Streptomyces species and its application to identification. J Gen Microbiol 135:2635–2642
Ochi K (1992) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ribosomal protein: a new approach for actinomycete taxonomy. Gene 115:261–265
Ochi K (1995) A taxonomic study of the genus Streptomyces by analysis of ribosomal protein AT-L30. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:507–514
Ogata S (1980) Bacteriophage contamination in industrial processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 22(suppl 1):177–193
Ogata S, Suenaga H, Hayashida S (1985) A temperate phage from Streptomyces azureus. Appl Environ Microbiol 49:201–204
Oh C, Ahn M, Kim J (1996) Use of electrophoretic enzyme patterns for streptomycete systematics. FEMS Microbiol Lett 140:9–13
Ohnishi Y, Kameyama S, Onaka H, Horinouchi S (1999) The A-factor regulatory cascade leading to streptomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus: identification of a target gene of the A-factor receptor. Mol Microbiol 34(1):102–111
Ohnishi Y, Ishikawa J, Hara H, Suzuki H, Ikenoya M, Ikeda H, Yamashita A, Hattori M, Horinouchi S (2008) Genome sequence of the streptomycin-producing microorganism Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350. J Bacteriol 190(11):4050–4060
Ohnuki T, Imanaka T, Aiba S (1985) Self-cloning in Streptomyces griseus of an str gene cluster for streptomycin biosynthesis and streptomycin resistance. J Bacteriol 164:85–94
Ohta Y, Ikeda M (1978) Deodorization of pig feces by actinomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 36:487–491
Okafor N (1966) The ecology of microorganisms on, and the decomposition of, insect wings in the soil. Plant Soil 25:211–237
Okami Y, Okazaki T (1972) Studies on marine microorganisms. I. Actinomycetes in Sagami Bay and their antibiotic substances. J Antibiot 25:456–460
Okami Y, Okazaki T (1978) Actinomycetes in marine environments. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 1(Suppl 6):145–152
Okami Y, Okazaki T, Kitahara T, Umezawa H (1976) Studies on marine microorganisms. V: A new antibiotic, aplasmomycin, produced by a streptomycete isolated from shallow sea mud. J Antibiot 29:1019–1025
Okazaki T, Okami Y (1976) Studies on actinomycetes isolated from shallow sea and their antibiotic substances. In: Arai T (ed) Actinomycetes—the boundary microorganisms. Toppan, Tokyo, pp 123–161
Omura S (1992) The expanded horizon for microbial metabolites–a review. Gene 115:141–149
Omura S, Takahashi Y, Iwai Y (1989) Genus Kitasatosporia Ōmura et al. (1983), 672VP. In: Williams ST, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 4. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 2594–2598
Ottow JCG (1972) Rose bengal as a selective aid in the isolation of fungi and actinomycetes from natural sources. Mycologia 64:304–315
Pagé N, Kluepfel D, Shareck F, Morosoli R (1996) Effect of signal peptide alterations and replacement on export of xylanase A in Streptomyces lividans. Appl Environ Microbiol 62:109–114
Pahl A, Gewies A, Keller U (1997) ScCypB is a novel second cytosolic cyclophilin from Streptomyces chrysomallus which is phylogenetically distant from ScCypA. Microbiology 143:117–126
Pang X, Sun Y, Liu J, Zhou X, Deng Z (2002a) A linear plasmid temperature-sensitive for replication in Streptomyces hygroscopicus 10–22. FEMS Microbiol Lett 19(208):25–28
Pang X, Zhou X, Sun Y, Deng Z (2002b) Physical map of the linear chromosome of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 10–22 deduced by analysis of overlapping large chromosomal deletions. J Bacteriol 184:1958–1965
Paradis E, Goyer C, Hodge NC, Hogue R, Stall RE, Beaulieu C (1994) Fatty acid and protein profiles of Streptomyces scabies strains isolated in eastern Canada. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:561–564
Paradkar AS, Aidoo KA, Wong A, Jensen SE (1996) Molecular analysis of a β-lactam resistance gene encoded within the cephamycin gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus. J Bacteriol 178:6266–6274
Paradkar A, Trefzer A, Chakraburtty R, Stassi D (2003) Streptomyces genetics: a genomic perspective. Crit Rev Biotechnol 23:1–27
Parashar A, Colvin KR, Bignell DR, Leskiw BK (2009) BldG and SCO3548 interact antagonistically to control key developmental processes in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 191(8):2541–2550
Park Y-H, Yim D-G, Kim E, Kho Y-H, Mheen T-I, Lonsdale J, Goodfellow M (1991) Classification of acidophilic, neutrotolerant and neutrophilic streptomycetes by nucleotide sequencing of 5S ribosomal RNA. J Gen Microbiol 137:2265–2269
Park DH, Kim JS, Kwon SW, Wilson C, Yu YM, Hur JH, Lim CK (2003) Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov., Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov. and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov., which cause potato common scab disease in Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:2049–2054
Parle JN (1963a) Microorganisms in the intestines of earthworms. J Gen Microbiol 31:1–11
Parle JN (1963b) A microbiological study of earthworm casts. J Gen Microbiol 31:13–22
Peczynska-Czoch W, Mordarski M (1988) Actinomycete enzymes. In: Goodfellow M, Williams ST, Mordarski M (eds) Actinomycetes in biotechnology. Academic, London, pp 219–283
Peraud O, Biggs JS, Hughen RW, Light AR, Concepcion GP, Olivera BM, Schmidt EW (2009) Microhabitats within venomous cone snails contain diverse Actinobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:6820–6826
Pernodet J-L, Simonet J-M, Guérineau M (1984) Plasmids in different strains of Streptomyces ambofaciens: free and integrated form of plasmid pSAM2. Mol Gen Genet 198:35–41
Phillips L (1992) The distribution of phenotypic and genotypic characters within streptomycetes and their relationship to antibiotic production. PhD thesis, University of Warwick
Picardeau M, Vincent V (1998) Mycobacterial linear plasmids have an invertron-like structure related to other linear replicons in Actinomycetes. Microbiology 144:1981–1988
Piret JM, Chater KF (1985) Phage-mediated cloning of bldA, a region involved in Streptomyces coelicolor morphological development, and its analysis by genetic complementation. J Bacteriol 163(3):965–972
Polsinelli M, Mazza GP (1984) Use of membrane filters for selective isolation of actinomycetes from soil. FEMS Microbiol Lett 22:79–83
Pommer E-H, Lorenz G (1986) The behaviour of polyester and polyether polyurethanes towards microorganisms. In: Seal KJ (ed) Biodeterioration and biodegradation of plastics and polymers. Biodeterioration Society Occasional Publication 1, Kew, pp 77–86
Pope MK, Green BD, Westpheling J (1996) The bld mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor are defective in the regulation of carbon utilization, morphogenesis and cell-cell signaling. Mol Microbiol 19:747–756
Pope MK, Green B, Westpheling J (1998) The bldB gene encodes a small protein required for morphogenesis, antibiotic production, and catabolite control in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 180(6):1556–1562
Porter JN, Wilhelm JJ (1961) The effect on Streptomyces populations of adding various supplements to soil samples. Devlop Indust Microbiol 2:253–259
Porter JN, Wilhelm JJ, Tresner HD (1960) Method for the preferential isolation of actinomycetes from soils. Appl Microbiol 8:174–178
Potúcková L, Kelemen GH, Findlay KC, Lonetto MA, Buttner MJ, Kormanec J (1995) A new RNA polymerase sigma factor, sigma F, is required for the late stages of morphological differentiation in Streptomyces spp. Mol Microbiol 17(1):37–48
Prauser H (1984) Phage host ranges in the classification and identification of gram-positive branched and related bacteria. In: Ortiz-Ortiz L, Bojalil LF, Yakoleff V (eds) Biological, biochemical and biomedical aspects of actinomycetes. Academic, Orlando, pp 617–633
Preobrazhenskaya TP, Sveshnikova MA, Terekhova LP, Chormonova NT (1978) Selective isolation of soil actinomycetes. In: Mordarski M, Kurylowicz W, Jeljaszewicz J (eds) Nocardia and Streptomyces. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 119–123
Pridham TG, Tresner HD (1974a) Family Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, 8th edn. The Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 747–748
Pridham TG, Tresner HD (1974b) Genus I. Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, 8th edn. The Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 747–748
Pridham TG, Hesseltine CW, Benedict RG (1958) A guide for the classification of streptomycetes according to selected groups: placement of strains in morphological sections. Appl Microbiol 6:52–79
Pridham TG, Lyons AJ, Phronpatima B (1973) Viability of Actinomycetales stored in soil. Appl Microbiol 26:441–442
Quintana ET, Wierzbicka K, Mackiewicz P, Osman A, Fahal AH, Hamid ME, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Maldonado LA, Goodfellow M (2008) Streptomyces sudanensis sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from patients with actinomycetoma. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 93:305–313
Ramachandra M, Crawford DL, Hertel G (1988) Characterization of an extracellular lignin peroxidase of the lignocellulolytic actinomycete Streptomyces viridosporus. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:3057–3063
Rauland U, Glocker I, Redenbach M, Cullum J (1995) DNA amplifications and deletions in Streptomyces lividans 66 and the loss of one end of the linear chromosome. Mol Gen Genet 246:37–44
Ravel J, Schrempf H, Hill RT (1998) Mercury resistance is encoded by transferable giant linear plasmids in two Chesapeake Bay Streptomyces strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3383–3388
Redenbach M, Flett F, Piendl W, Glocker I, Rauland U, Wafzig O, Kliem R, Leblond P, Cullum J (1993) The Streptomyces lividans 66 chromosome contains a 1 MB deletogenic region flanked by two amplifiable regions. Mol Gen Genet 241:255–262
Redenbach M, Scheel J, Cullum J, Schmidt U (1998) The chromosome of various Actinomycetes strains is linear (Abstract). In: Cohen G, Aharonowitz Y (eds) 8th international symposium on the genetics of industrial microorganisms, 28 June–2 July 1998, Jerusalem, pp 69–70
Redenbach M, Kieser HM, Denapaite D, Eichner A, Cullum J, Kinashi H, Hopwood DA (1996) A set of ordered cosmids and a detailed genetic and physical map for the 8 MB Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) chromosome. Mol Microbiol 21:77–96
Ridell M, Wallerström G, Williams ST (1986) Immunodiffusion analysis of phenetically defined strains of Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium and Nocardiopsis. Syst Appl Microbiol 8:24–27
Roach AW, Silvey JKG (1959) The occurrence of marine actinomycetes in Texas gulf coast substrates. Am Midl Nat 62:482–499
Robbins PW, Albright C, Benfield B (1988) Cloning and expression of a Streptomyces plicatus chitinase (chitinase-63) in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 263:443–447
Rodríguez-García A, Ludovice M, Martín JF, Liras P (1997) Arginine boxes and the argR gene in Streptomyces clavuligerus: evidence for a clear regulation of the arginine pathway. Mol Microbiol 25:219–228
Rong X, Huang Y (2010) Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces griseus clade using multilocus sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, with proposal to combine 29 species and three subspecies as 11 genomic species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60(3):696–703
Rong X, Huang Y (2012) Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces hygroscopicus clade using multilocus sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, validating the MLSA scheme for systematics of the whole genus. Syst Appl Microbiol 35(1):7–18
Rong X, Guo Y, Huang Y (2009) Proposal to reclassify the Streptomyces albidoflavus clade on the basis of multilocus sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, and taxonomic elucidation of Streptomyces griseus subsp. solvifaciens. Syst Appl Microbiol 32(5):314–322
Rossi-Doria T (1891) Su di alcune specie di “Streptothrix” trovate nell’aria studate in rapporto a quelle giá note a specialmente all’ “Actinomyces”. Ann dell’Istituto d’Igiene Sper Univ Roma 1:399–438
Rothrock CS, Gottlieb D (1981) Importance of antibiotic production in antagonism of selected Streptomyces species to weo soil-borne plant pathogens. J Antibiot 34:830–835
Rothrock CS, Gottlieb D (1984) Roles of antibiosis in antagonism of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. geldanus to Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Can J Microbiol 30:1440–1447
Roussel S, Reboux G, Dalphin JC, Pernet D, Laplante JJ, Millon L, Piarroux R (2005) Farmer’s lung disease and microbiological composition of hay: a case–control study. Mycopathologia 160:273–279
Ruiz-Arribas A, Zhadan GG, Kutyshenko VP, Santamaría RI, Cortijo M, Villar E, Fernandez-Abalos JM, Calvete JJ, Shnyrov VL (1998) Thermodynamic stability of two variants of xylanase (Xys1) from Streptomyces halstedii JM8. Eur J Biochem 253:462–468
Ryding NJ, Kelemen GH, Whatling CA, Flärdh K, Buttner MJ, Chater KF (1998) A developmentally regulated gene encoding a repressor-like protein is essential for sporulation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 29(1):343–357
Saadoun I, Mohammad MJ, Malkawi HI, Al-Momani F, Meqdam M (1998) Diversity of soil streptomycetes in northern Jordan. Actinomycetes 9:52–60
Saddler GS, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE, O’Donnell AG (1986) Influence of the growth cycle on the fatty acid and menaquinone composition of Streptomyces cyaneus. NCIB 9616. J Appl Bacteriol 60:51–56
Saddler GS, O’Donnell AG, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE (1987) SIMCA pattern recognition in the analysis of streptomycete fatty acids. J Gen Microbiol 133:1137–1147
Sagova-Mareckova M, Omelka M, Cermak L, Kamenik Z, Olsovska J, Hackl E, Kopecky J, Hadacek F (2011) Microbial communities show parallels at sites with distinct litter and soil characteristics. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:7560–7567
Salerno P, Larsson J, Bucca G, Laing E, Smith CP, Flärdh K (2009) One of the two genes encoding nucleoid-associated HU proteins in Streptomyces coelicolor is developmentally regulated and specifically involved in spore maturation. J Bacteriol 191(21):6489–6500
Sanglier JJ, Whitehead D, Saddler GS, Ferguson EV, Goodfellow M (1992) Pyrolysis mass-spectrometry as a method for the classification, identification and selection of actinomycetes. Gene 115:235–242
Sato M, Kaji A (1975) Purification and properties of pectate lyase produced by Streptomyces fradiae IFO 3439. Agric Biol Chem 39:819–824
Sato M, Kaji A (1977) Purification and properties of a pectate lyase produced by Streptomyces nitrosporeus. Agric Biol Chem 41:2193–2197
Sato M, Kaji A (1980a) Exopolygalacturonate lyase produced by Streptomyces massasporeus. Agric Biol Chem 44:717–721
Sato M, Kaji A (1980b) Another pectate lyase produced by Streptomyces nitrosporeus. Agric Biol Chem 44:1345–1349
Schäfer A, Konrad R, Kuhnigk T, Kämpfer P, Hertel H, König H (1996) Hemicellulose-degrading bacteria and yeasts from the termite gut. J Appl Bacteriol 80:471–478
Schäfer A, Ustohal P, Harms H, Stauffer F, Dracos T, Zehnder AJB (1998) Transport of bacteria in unsaturated porous media. J Contam Hydrol 33:149–169
Schlatter D, Fubuh A, Xiao K, Hernandez D, Hobbie S, Kinkel L (2009) Resource amendments influence density and competitive phenotypes of Streptomyces in soil. Microb Ecol 57:413–420
Schleifer K-H, Kandler O (1972) Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol Rev 36:407–477
Schmidt A, Haferburg G, Kothe E (2007) Superoxide dismutases of heavy metal resistant streptomycetes. J Basic Microbiol 47:56–62
Schmidt A, Haferburg G, Lischke U, Merten D, Ghergel F, Buchel G, Kothe E (2009) Heavy metal resistance to the extreme: Streptomyces strains from a former uranium mining area. Chem Erde-Geochem 69:35–44
Schrempf H (2006) The family Streptomycetaceae—part II: molecular biology. In: Dworkin MM et al (eds) The prokaryotes, vol 3, Bacteria: firmicutes, actinomycetes. Springer, New York, pp 605–622
Schrempf H, Dyson P, Dittrich W, Betzler M, Habiger C, Mahro B, Brönneke V, Kessler A, Düvel H (1989) Genetic instability in Streptomyces. In: Okami Y, Beppu T, Ogawara H (eds) Biology of Actinomycetes ’88. Scientific Press, Tokyo, pp 145–150
Schrey SD, Tarkka MT (2008) Friends and foes: streptomycetes as modulators of plant disease and symbiosis. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 94:11–19
Schrey SD, Erkenbrack E, Frueh E, Fengler S, Hommel K, Horlacher N, Schulz D, Ecke M, Kulik A, Fiedler H-P, Hampp R, Tarkka MT (2012) Production of fungal and bacterial growth modulating secondary metabolites is widespread among mycorrhiza-associated streptomycetes. BMC Microbiol 12:164
Schwecke T, Aparicio JF, Molnar I, Konig A, Khaw LE, Haydock SF, Oliynyk M, Caffrey P, Cortes J, Lester JB, Bohm GA, Staunton J, Leadlay PF (1995) The biosynthesis gene cluster for the polyketide immunosuppressant rapamycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:7839–7843
Scott JJ, Oh DC, Yuceer MC, Klepzig KD, Clardy J, Currie CR (2008) Bacterial protection of beetle-fungus mutualism. Science 322:63–63
Seipke RF, Kaltenpoth M, Hutchings MI (2012) Streptomyces as symbionts: an emerging and widespread theme? FEMS Microbiol Rev 36:862–876
Sembiring L, Ward AC, Goodfellow M (2000) Selective isolation and characterisation of members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade associated with the roots of Paraserianthes falcataria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 78:353–366
Servín-González L (1993) Relationship between the replication functions of Streptomyces plasmids pJV1 and pIJ101. Plasmid 30:131–140
Servín-González L, Castro C, Pérez C, Rubio M, Valdez F (1997) bldA-dependent expression of the Streptomyces exfoliatus M11 lipase gene (lipA) is mediated by the product of a contiguous gene, lipR, encoding a putative transcriptional activator. J Bacteriol 179:7816–7826
Sevcikova B, Kormanec J (2003) The ssgB gene, encoding a member of the regulon of stress-response sigma factor sigmaH, is essential for aerial mycelium septation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch Microbiol 180(5):380–384
Sevciková B, Benada O, Kofronova O, Kormanec J (2001) Stress-response sigma factor sigma(H) is essential for morphological differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Arch Microbiol 177(1):98–106
Sevcikova B, Rezuchova B, Homerova D, Kormanec J (2010) The anti-anti-sigma factor BldG is involved in activation of the stress response sigma factor σ(H) in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 192(21):5674–5681
Sheik CS, Beasley WH, Elshahed MS, Zhou XH, Luo YQ, Krumholz LR (2011) Effect of warming and drought on grassland microbial communities. ISME J 5:1692–1700
Shen Y, Yoon P, Yu TW, Floss HG, Hopwood D, Moore BS (1999) Ectopic expression of the minimal whiE polyketide synthase generates a library of aromatic polyketides of diverse sizes and shapes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3622–3627
Sherman DH, Malpartida F, Bibb MJ, Kieser HM, Hopwood DA (1989) Structure and deduced function of the granaticin-producing polyketide synthase gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber TU22. EMBO J 8:2717–2725
Shirling EB, Gottlieb D (1966) Methods for the characterization of Streptomyces species. Int J Syst Bacteriol 16:313–340
Shirling EB, Gottlieb D (1970) Report of the International Streptomyces Project. Five years collaborative research. In: Prauser H (ed) The actinomycetales. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp 79–90
Shirling EB, Gottlieb D (1977) Retrospective evaluation of International Streptomyces Project taxonomic criteria. In: Arai T (ed) Actinomycetales: the boundary microorganisms. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 9–41
Siebert G, Schwartz W (1956) Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Mikroorganismen in entstehenden Sedimenten. Arch Hydrobiol 52:331–366
Silvey JKG, Roach AW (1975) The taste and odor producing aquatic actinomycetes. Crit Rev Environ Control 5:233–273
Smith JJ, Tow LA, Stafford W, Cary C, Cowan DA (2006) Bacterial diversity in three different Antarctic cold desert mineral soils. Microb Ecol 51:413–421
Soh BS, Loke P, Sim TS (2001) Cloning, heterologous expression and purification of an isocitrate lyase from Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL 3585. Biochim Biophys Acta 1522:112–117
Sohng JK, Oh TJ, Lee JJ, Kim CG (1997) Identification of a gene cluster of biosynthetic genes of rubradirin substructures in S. achromogenes var. rubradiris NRRL3061. Mol Cells 7:674–681
Soliveri JA, Gomez J, Bishai WR, Chater KF (2000) Multiple paralogous genes related to the Streptomyces coelicolor developmental regulatory gene whiB are present in Streptomyces and other actinomycetes. Microbiology 146(2):333–343
Sommer P, Bormann C, Götz F (1997) Genetic and biochemical characterization of a new extracellular lipase from Streptomyces cinnamomeus. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3553–3560
Spicher G (1955) Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Erdextrakt und Spurenelementen auf das Wachstum verschiedener Streptomyzeten. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 2(108):577–587
Stackebrandt E, Liesack W, Webb R, Witt D (1991a) Towards a molecular identification of Streptomyces species in pure culture and in environmental samples. Actinomycetologia 5:38–44
Stackebrandt E, Witt D, Kemmerling C, Kroppenstedt R, Liesack W (1991b) Designation of streptomycete 16S and 23S rRNA-based target regions for oligonucleotide probes. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:1468–1477
Stackebrandt E, Liesack W, Witt D (1992) Ribosomal RNA and rDNA sequence analyses. Gene 115:255–260
Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL (1997) Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:479–491
Stackebrandt E, Frederiksen W, Garrity GM, Grimont PAD, Kämpfer P, Maiden MCJ, Nesme X, Rossello-Mora R, Swings J, Trüper HG, Vauterin L, Ward AC, Whitman WB (2002) Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1043–1047
Standing D, Killham K (2007) The soil environment. In: van Elsas JD, Jansson JK, Trevors JT (eds) Modern soil microbiology. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Stindl A, Keller U (1994) Epimerization of the d-valine portion in the biosynthesis of actinomycin D. Biochemistry 33:9358–9364
Stolp H, Starr MP (1981) Principles of isolation, cultivation, and conservation of bacteria. In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG (eds) The prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, pp 135–175
Strap JL, Crawford DL (2006) Ecology of Streptomyces in soil and rhizosphere. In: Cooper JE, Rao JR (eds) Molecular approaches to soil, rhizosphere and plant microorganism analysis. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, pp 166–182
Stuttard C (1982) Temperate phages of Streptomyces venezuelae: lysogeny and host speciÆcity shown by phages SV1 and SV2. J Gen Microbiol 128:115–121
Stutzman-Engwall KJ, Hutchinson CR (1989) Multigene families for anthracycline antibiotic production in Streptomyces peucetius. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:3135–3139
Sudakaran S, Salem H, Kost C, Kaltenpoth M (2012) Geographical and ecological stability of the symbiotic mid-gut microbiota in European firebugs, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae). Mol Ecol 21:6134–6151
Suganuma T, Mizukami T, Moari K, Ohnishi M, Hiromi K (1980) Studies of the action pattern of an amylase from Streptomyces praecox NA-273. J Biochem 88:131–138
Sun J, Kelemen GH, Fernández-Abalos JM, Bibb MJ (1999) Green fluorescent protein as a reporter for spatial and temporal gene expression in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Microbiology 145(Pt 9):2221–2227
Swan DG, Rodriguez AM, Vilches C, Méndez C, Salas JA (1994) Characterisation of a Streptomyces antibioticus gene encoding a type I polyketide synthase which has an unusual coding sequence. Mol Gen Genet 242:358–362
Swift S, Throup JP, Williams P, Salmond GP, Stewart GS (1996) Quorum sensing: a population-density component in the determination of bacterial phenotype. Trends Biochem Sci 21(6):214–219
Szabó I, Marton M, Ferenczy L, Buti I (1967) Intestinal microflora of the larvae of St. Mark’s fly. II. Computer analysis of intestinal actinomycetes from the larvae of a bibio population. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 14:239–249
Taber WA (1959) Identification of an alkaline-dependent Streptomyces as Streptomyces caeruleus Baldacci and characterization of the species under controlled conditions. Can J Microbiol 5:335–344
Taber WA (1960) Evidence for the existence of acid-sensitive actinomycetes in soil. Can J Microbiol 6:503–514
Taguchi S, Kojima S, Miura K, Momose H (1996) Taxonomic characterisation of closely-related Streptomyces spp. based on the amino acid sequence analysis of protease inhibitor proteins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 135:169–173
Taha A (1983) A serological survey of antibodies of Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae in Sudan using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 77:49–50
Takahashi Y, Iwai Y, Ōmura S (1984) Two new species of the genus Kitasatosporia, Kitasatosporia phosalacinea sp. nov. and Kitasatosporia griseola sp. nov. J Gen Appl Microbiol 30:377–387
Takano E (2006) Gamma-butyrolactones: Streptomyces signalling molecules regulating antibiotic production and differentiation. Curr Opin Microbiol 9(3):287–294
Takano E, Tao M, Long F, Bibb MJ, Wang L, Li W, Buttner MJ, Bibb MJ, Deng ZX, Chater KF (2003) A rare leucine codon in adpA is implicated in the morphological defect of bldA mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 50(2):475–486
Taylor CF (1936) A method for isolation of actinomycetes from scab lesions on potato tubers and beet roots. Phytopathology 26:287–288
Taylor MW, Hill RT, Piel J, Thacker RW, Hentschel U (2007) Soaking it up: the complex lives of marine sponges and their microbial associates. ISME J 1:187–190
Tendler MD, Burkholder PR (1961) Studies on the thermophilic actinomycetes. I. Methods of cultivation. Appl Microbiol 9:394–399
Terkina IA, Drukker VV, Parfenova VV, Kostornova TY (2002) The biodiversity of actinomycetes in Lake Baikal. Microbiology (Moscow) 71:346–349
Thomashow LS, Weller DM (1990) Role of antibiotics and siderophores in biocontrol of take-all disease of wheat. Plant Soil 129:93–99
Tindall BJ, Rosselló-Móra R, Busse H-J, Ludwig W, Kämpfer P (2010) Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:249–266
Tolba S, Egan S, Kallifidas D, Wellington EMH (2002) Distribution of streptomycin resistance and biosynthesis genes in streptomycetes recovered from different soil sites. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 42:269–276
Traag BA, Kelemen GH, van Wezel GP (2004) Transcription of the sporulation gene ssgA is activated by the IclR-type regulator SsgR in a whi-independent manner in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Mol Microbiol 53(3):985–1000
Tresner HD, Hayes JA, Backus EJ (1967) Morphology of submerged growth of streptomycetes as a taxonomic aid. 1. Morphological development in Streptomyces aureofaciens in agitated liquid media. Appl Microbiol 15:1185–1191
Tresner HD, Hayes JA, Backus EJ (1968) Differential tolerance of streptomycetes to sodium chloride as a taxonomic aid. Appl Microbiol 16:1134–1136
Trevors JT, Van Elsas JD, Van Overbeek LS, Starodub ME (1990) Transport of a genetically engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens strain through a soil microcosm. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:401–408
Trolldenier G (1966) Über die Eignung Erde enthaltender Nährsubstrate zur Zählung und Isolierung von Bodenmikroorganismen auf Membranfiltern. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 2(120):496–508
Trujillo ME, Goodfellow M (2003) Numerical phenetic classification of clinically significant aerobic sporoactinomycetes and related organisms. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 84:39–68
Tsao PH, Leben C, Keitt GW (1960) An enrichment method for isolating actinomycetes that produce diffusible antifungi antibiotics. Phytopathology 50:88–89
Tsujibo H, Ohtsuki T, Iio T, Yamazaki I, Miyamoto K, Sugiyama M, Inamori Y (1997) Cloning and sequence analysis of genes encoding xylanases and acetyl xylan esterase from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus OPC-520. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:661–664
Uchida K, Aida K (1977) Acyl type of bacterial cell wall: its simple identification by colorimetric method. J Gen Appl Microbiol 23:249–260
Ulrich A, Wirth S (1999) Phylogenetic diversity and population densities of cultural cellulolytic soil bacteria across an agricultural encatchment. Microb Ecol 37:238–247
Uridil JE, Tetrault PA (1959) Isolation of thermophilic streptomycetes. J Bacteriol 78:243–246
Valenzuela-Encinas C, Neria-Gonzalez I, Alcantara-Hernandez RJ, Estrada-Alvarado I, Zavala-Diaz de la Serna FJ, Dendooven L, Marsch R (2009) Changes in the bacterial populations of the highly alkaline saline soil of the former lake Texcoco (Mexico) following flooding. Extremophiles 13:609–621
Van Keulen G, Jonkers HM, Claessen D, Dijkhuizen L, Wosten HA (2003) Differentiation and anaerobiosis in standing liquid cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 185:1455–1458
van Keulen G, Alderson J, White J, Sawers RG (2005) Nitrate respiration in the actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor. Biochem Soc Trans 33:210–212
van Keulen G, Alderson J, White J, Sawers RG (2007) The obligate aerobic actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) survives extended periods of anaerobic stress. Environ Microbiol 9:3143–3149
van Keulen G, Siebring J, Dijkhuizen L (2011) Central carbon metabolic pathways in Streptomyces. In: Dyson PJ (ed) Streptomyces: molecular biology and biotechnology. Caister Academic Press, Wymondham, pp 105–124
van Wezel GP, McDowall KJ (2011) The regulation of the secondary metabolism of Streptomyces: new links and experimental advances. Nat Prod Rep 28:1311–1333
van Wezel GP, Vijgenboom E (2004) Novel aspects of signaling in Streptomyces development. Adv Appl Microbiol 56:65–88
van Wezel GP, Vijgenboom E, Bosch L (1991) A comparative study of the ribosomal RNA operons of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and sequence analysis of rrnA. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4399–4403
van Wezel GP, van der Meulen J, Kawamoto S, Luiten RG, Koerten HK, Kraal B (2000) ssgA is essential for sporulation of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and affects hyphal development by stimulating septum formation. J Bacteriol 182(20):5653–5662
Veldkamp J (1955) A study of the aerobic decomposition of chitin by microorganisms. Medelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen/Nederland Wageningen: H Veenman & Zonen 55:127–174
Ventura M, Canchaya C, Tauch A, Chandra G, Fitzgerald GF, Chater KF, van Sinderen F (2007) Genomics of Actinobacteria: tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylum. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 71:495–548
Vetsigian K, Jajoo R, Kishony R (2011) Structure and evolution of Streptomyces interaction networks in soil and in silico. PLoS Biol 9:e1001184
Vickers JC, Williams ST (1987) An assessment of plate inoculation procedures for the enumeration and isolation of streptomycetes. Microbiol Lett 36:113–117
Vickers JC, Williams ST, Ross GW (1984) A taxonomic approach to selective isolation of streptomycetes from soil. In: Ortiz-Ortiz L, Bojalil LF, Yakoleff V (eds) Biological, biochemical and biomedical aspects of Actinomycetes. Academic, Orlando, pp 553–561
Viollier PH, Kelemen GH, Dale GE, Nguyen KT, Buttner MJ, Thompson CJ (2003) Specialized osmotic stress response systems involve multiple SigB-like sigma factors in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 47(3):699–714
Virolle M-J, Bibb M-J (1988) Cloning, characterization and regulation of an α-amylase gene from Streptomyces limosus. Mol Microbiol 2:197–208
Voelskow H (1988/89) Methoden der zielorientierten Stammisolierung. In: Präve P, Schlingmann M, Crueger W, Esser K, Thauer R, Wagner F (eds) Jahrbuch Biotechnologie, Bd. 2. Carl Hanser Verlag, München, pp 343–361
Vohradsky J, Li XM, Dale G, Folcher M, Nguyen L, Viollier PH, Thompson CJ (2000) Developmental control of stress stimulons in Streptomyces coelicolor revealed by statistical analyses of global gene expression patterns. J Bacteriol 182(17):4979–4986
Volff JN, Altenbuchner J (1998) Genetic instability of the Streptomyces chromosome. Mol Microbiol 27(2):239–246
Völker U, Engelmann S, Maul B, Riethdorf S, Völker A, Schmid R, Mach H, Hecker M (1994) Analysis of the induction of general stress proteins of Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 140(4):741–752
Vujaklija D et al (2002) A novel streptomycete lipase: cloning, sequencing and high-level expression of the Streptomyces rimosus GDS(L)-lipase gene. Arch Microbiol 178:124–130
Waksman SA (1961) The Actinomycetes, vol 2, Classification, identification and descriptions of genera and species. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1–363
Waksman SA, Curtis RE (1916) The actinomyces of the soil. Soil Sci 1:99–134
Waksman SA, Henrici AT (1943) The nomenclature and classification of the actinomycetes. J Bacteriol 46:337–341
Wang ZM, Bleakley BH, Crawford DL, Hertel G, Rafii F (1990) Cloning and expression of a lignin peroxidase gene from Streptomyces viridosporus in Streptomyces lividans. J Biotechnol 13:131–144
Wang L, Huang Y, Cui Q, Xie Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z (2003) Isolation of acidophilic and acidoduric streptomycetes using a dispersion and differential centrifugation approach. Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiya) 30:104–106
Wang L, Huang Y, Liu Z, Goodfellow M, Rodriguez C (2006) Streptacidiphilus oryzae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from rice-field soil in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:1257–1261
Wang L, Yu Y, He X, Zhou X, Deng Z, Chater KF, Tao M (2007) Role of an FtsK-like protein in genetic stability in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 189(6):2310–2318
Wang XJ, Yan YJ, Zhang B, An J, Wang JJ, Tian J, Jiang L, Chen YH, Huang SX, Yin M, Zhang J, Gao AL, Liu CX, Zhu ZX, Xiang WS (2010) Genome sequence of the milbemycin-producing bacterium Streptomyces bingchenggensis. J Bacteriol 192(17):4526–4527
Warcup JH (1950) The soil-plate method for isolation of fungi from soil. Nature 166:117–118
Ward AC, Bora N (2006) Diversity and biogeography of marine Actinobacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 9:279–286
Watson ET, Williams ST (1974) Studies of the ecology of actinomycetes in soil. VII. Actinomycetes in a coastal sand belt. Soil Biol Biochem 6:43–52
Wayne LG, Brenner DJ, Colwell RR et al (1987) International committee on systematic bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464
Wellington EMH, Williams ST (1978) Preservation of actinomycete inoculum in frozen glycerol. Microbiol Lett 6:151–157
Wellington EMH, Williams ST (1981a) Host ranges of phages isolated to Streptomycetes and other genera. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg I Abt Suppl 11:93–98
Wellington EMH, Williams ST (1981b) Transfer of Actinoplanes armeniacus Kalakoutskii and Kusnetsov to Streptomyces: Streptomyces armeniacus (Kalakoutskii and Kusnetsov) comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 31:77–81
Wellington EMH, Al-Jawadi M, Bandoni R (1987) Selective isolation of Streptomyces species-groups from soil. Devlop Indust Microbiol 28:99–104
Wellington EMH, Stackebrandt E, Sanders D, Wolstrup J, Jorgensen NOG (1992) Taxonomic status of Kitasatosporia, and proposal unification with Streptomyces on the basis of phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis and emendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42:156–160
Welsch M, Corbaz R, Ettlinger L (1957) Phage typing of streptomycetes. Schweiz Z Allgem Path Bakteriol 20:454–458
Weyland H (1981a) Distribution of actinomycetes on the sea floor. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg I Abt Orig Suppl 11:185–193
Weyland H (1981b) Characteristics of actinomycetes isolated from marine sediments. In: Schaal KP, Pulverer G (eds) Actinomycetes. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Actinomycete Biology, Cologne, 1979. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 309–314
Weyland H, Helmke E (1988) Actinomycetes in the marine environment. In: Okami Y, Beppu T, Ogawara H (eds) Biology of actinomycetes '88. Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on biology of actinomycetes, Tokyo, 1988. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, pp 294–299
White J, Bibb M (1997) bldA dependence of undecylprodigiosin production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) involves a pathway-specific regulatory cascade. J Bacteriol 179(3):627–633
Wieringa KT (1955) Der Abbau der Pektine; der erste Angriff der organischen Pflanzensubstanz. Z Pflanzenernähr 69:150–155
Wieringa KT (1966) Solid media with elemental sulphur for detection of sulphur-oxidizing microbes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 32:183–186
Wilde P (1964) Gezielte Methoden zur Isolierung antibiotisch wirksamer Boden-Actinomyceten. Z Pflanzenkrankh 71:179–182
Wildermuth H (1970) Development and organization of the aerial mycelium in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Gen Microbiol 60:43–50
Willey JW, Santamaria R, Guijarro R, Geislich M, Losick R (1991) Extracellular complementation of a developmental mutation implicates a small sporulation protein in aerial mycelium formation by S. coelicolor. Cell 65:641–650
Willey J, Schwedock J, Losick R (1993) Multiple extracellular signals govern the production of a morphogenetic protein involved in aerial mycelium formation by Streptomyces coelicolor. Genes Dev 75:895–903
Willey JM, Willems A, Kodani S, Nodwell JR (2006) Morphogenetic surfactants and their role in the formation of aerial hyphae in Streptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 59(3):731–742
Williams ST (1978) Streptomycetes in the soil ecosystem. Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 1 Suppl 6:137–144
Williams ST (1982) Are antibiotics produced in soil? Pedobiologia 23:427–435
Williams ST, Cross T (1971) Isolation, purification, cultivation and preservation of actinomycetes. Methods Microbiol 4:295–334
Williams ST, Davies FL (1965) Use of antibiotics for selective isolation and enumeration of actinomycetes in soil. J Gen Microbiol 38:251–261
Williams ST, Flowers TH (1978) The influence of pH on starch hydrolysis by neutrophilic and acidophilic streptomycetes. Microbios 20:99–106
Williams ST, Khan MR (1974) Antibiotics—a soil microbiologist’s viewpoint. Postepy Hig Med Dosw 28:395–408
Williams ST, Mayfield CI (1971) Studies on the ecology of actinomycetes in soil. III. The behaviour of neutrophilic streptomycetes in acid soil. Soil Biol Biochem 3:197–208
Williams ST, Robinson CS (1981) The role of streptomycetes in decomposition of chitin in acidic soils. J Gen Microbiol 127:55–63
Williams ST, Wellington EMH (1980) Micromorphology and fine structure of actinomycetes. In: Goodfellow M, Board RG (eds) Microbiological classification and identification. Academic, London, pp 139–165
Williams ST, Wellington EMH (1982a) Actinomycetes. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (eds) Methods of soil analysis, part 2, chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Sciences, Madison, pp 969–987
Williams ST, Wellington EMH (1982b) Principles and problems of selective isolation of microbes. In: Bu’lock JD, Nisbet LJ, Winstanley DJ (eds) Bioactive microbial products: search and discovery. Academic, London, pp 9–26
Williams ST, Davies FL, Hall DM (1969) A practical approach to the taxonomy of actinomycetes isolated from soil. In: Sheals JG (ed) The soil ecosystem, vol 8. The Systematics Association, London, pp 107–117
Williams ST, Davies FL, Mayfield CI, Khan MR (1971) Studies on the ecology of actinomycetes. II. The pH requirements of streptomycetes from two acid soils. Soil Biol Biochem 3:187–195
Williams ST, Shameemullah M, Watson ET, Mayfield CI (1972) Studies on the ecology of actinomycetes in soil. VI. The influence of moisture tension on growth and survival. Soil Biol Biochem 4:215–225
Williams ST, Sharples GP, Bradshaw RM (1973) The fine structure of the Actinomycetales. In: Sykes G, Skinner FA (eds) Actinomycetales: characteristics and practical importance. Academic, London, pp 113–130
Williams ST, Goodfellow M, Alderson G, Wellington EMH, Sneath PHA, Sackin MJ (1983a) Numerical classification of Streptomyces and related genera. J Gen Microbiol 129:1743–1813
Williams ST, Goodfellow M, Wellington EMH, Vickers JC, Alderson G, Sneath PHA, Sackin MJ, Mortimer AM (1983b) A probability matrix for identification of streptomycetes. J Gen Microbiol 129:1815–1830
Williams ST, Goodfellow M, Vickers JC (1984a) New microbes from old habitats? In: Kelley DP, Karr NG (eds) The microbe 1984, Part 2: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Society for general microbiology symposium 36. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 219–256
Williams ST, Lanning S, Wellington EHH (1984b) Ecology of actinomycetes. In: Goodfellow M, Mordarski M, Williams ST (eds) The biology of the actinomycetes. Academic, London, pp 481–528
Williams ST, Goodfellow M, Alderson G (1989) Genus Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici (1943), 339AL. In: Williams ST, Sharpe ME, Holt JG (eds) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 4. Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 2594–2598
Wipat A, Wellington MH, Saunders VA (1994) Monoclonal antibodies for Streptomyces lividans and their use for immunomagnetic capture of spores from soil. Microbiology 140:2067–2076
Wirth S, Ulrich A (2002) Cellulose-degrading potentials and phylogenetic classification of carboxymethyl-cellulose decomposing bacteria isolated from soil. Syst Appl Microbiol 25:584–591
Witt D, Stackebrandt E (1990) Unification of the genera Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces, and amendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL. Syst Appl Microbiol 13:361–371
Wohl DL, McArthur JV (1998) Actinomycete-flora associated with submersed freshwater macrophytes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 26:135–140
Wolanski M, Donczew R, Kois-Ostrowska A, Masiewicz P, Jakimowicz D, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J (2011) The level of AdpA directly affects expression of developmental genes in Streptomyces coelicolor. J Bacteriol 193(22):6358–6365
Wood S, Williams ST, White WR (1983) Microbes as a source of earthy flavours in potable water—a review. Int Biodeterior Bull 19:83–97
Xu W, Huang J, Lin R, Shi J, Cohen SN (2010) Regulation of morphological differentiation in S. coelicolor by RNase III (AbsB) cleavage of mRNA encoding the AdpA transcription factor. Mol Microbiol 75(3):781–791
Yamazaki H, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S (2000) An A-factor-dependent extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (sigma(AdsA)) that is essential for morphological development in Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol 182(16):4596–4605
Yeo M, Chater K (2005) The interplay of glycogen metabolism and differentiation provides an insight into the developmental biology of Streptomyces coelicolor. Microbiology (UK) 151:855–861
Yikmis M, Steinbüchel A (2012) Historical and recent achievements in the field of microbial degradation of natural and synthetic rubber. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:4543–4551
Yu TW, Bibb MJ, Revill WP, Hopwood DA (1994) Cloning, sequencing, and analysis of the griseusin polyketide synthase gene cluster from Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol 176:2627–2634
Zaitlin B, Watson SB (2006) Actinomycetes in relation to taste and odour in drinking water: myths, tenets and truths. Water Res 40:1741–1753
Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Schrempf H (1992) Characterization of an autonomously replicating region from the Streptomyces lividans chromosome. J Bacteriol 174:2688–2693
Zenova GM, Kurapova AI, Lysenko AM, Zvyagintsev DG (2009) The structural-functional organization of thermotolerant complexes of actinomycetes in desert and volcanic soils. Eurasian Soil Sci 42:531–535
Zhang Z, Wang Y, Ruan J (1997) A proposal to revive the genus Kitasatospora (Omura, Takahashi, Iwai, and Tanaka 1982). Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:1048–1054
Zotchev SB (2012) Marine actinomycetes as an emerging resource for the drug development pipelines. J Biotechnol 158:168–175
Zucchi TD, Prado SS, Consoli FL (2012) The gastric caeca of pentatomids as a house for actinomycetes. BMC Microbiol 12:101
Acknowledgement
The basis of the chapters on ecophysiology, isolation, and habitats has been the excellent and comprehensive treatise of H.J. Kutzner and F. Korn-Wendisch from the 2nd edition of The Prokaryotes, which is still recommended for a more deep study on classical approaches in Streptomyces biology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kämpfer, P., Glaeser, S.P., Parkes, L., van Keulen, G., Dyson, P. (2014). The Family Streptomycetaceae . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30138-4_184
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30138-4_184
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30137-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30138-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences