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Invertebrate Models of Alcoholism

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Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 13))

Abstract

For invertebrates to become useful models for understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms of alcoholism related behaviors and the predisposition towards alcoholism, several general requirements must be fulfilled. The animal should encounter ethanol in its natural habitat, so that the central nervous system of the organism will have evolved mechanisms for responding to ethanol exposure. How the brain adapts to ethanol exposure depends on its access to ethanol, which can be regulated metabolically and/or by physical barriers. Therefore, a model organism should have metabolic enzymes for ethanol degradation similar to those found in humans. The neurons and supporting glial cells of the model organism that regulate behaviors affected by ethanol should share the molecular and physiological pathways found in humans, so that results can be compared. Finally, the use of invertebrate models should offer advantages over traditional model systems and should offer new insights into alcoholism-related behaviors. In this review we will summarize behavioral similarities and identified genes and mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced behaviors in invertebrates. This review mainly focuses on the use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the honey bee Apis mellifera and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as model systems. We will discuss insights gained from those studies in conjunction with their vertebrate model counterparts and the implications for future research into alcoholism and alcohol-induced behaviors.

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Abbreviations

ADH:

Alcohol dehydrogenase

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

NPF:

Neuropeptide F

PKA:

cAMP Dependent protein kinase A

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

GRASP:

Green-fluorescent protein function across synaptic partners

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

DSM-IV:

Fourth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

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Acknowledgments

The present work was supported in part by the DFG 656 and the Heisenberg program of the DFG to HS. We thank Oliver Hendrich for critically reading the manuscript. We have tried to incorporate as many studies as possible, and we apologize for not being able to include all of the papers on this topic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Animal Physiology, University of Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Köln, Germany

    Henrike Scholz

  2. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Julie A. Mustard

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  1. Henrike Scholz
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  2. Julie A. Mustard
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Correspondence to Henrike Scholz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. Psychopharmakologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, Mannheim, 68159, Germany

    Wolfgang H. Sommer

  2. Abt. Psychopharmakologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, Mannheim, 68159, Germany

    Rainer Spanagel

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Scholz, H., Mustard, J.A. (2011). Invertebrate Models of Alcoholism. In: Sommer, W., Spanagel, R. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28720-6_128

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