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Biological Activity of Oleuropein and its Derivatives

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Natural Products

Abstract

Investigation of the biological effects of olive oil/leaf/fruit phenolic extracts and, more recently, of the isolated compounds oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol has revealed their health beneficial action opening the way for a potential pharmacological utilization as single drug or after enrichment of olive oil or other food component. After a brief description of the chemical structure, biosynthesis, and the enzymatic degradation of oleuropein, which generates other biological active derivatives (i.e., hydroxytyrosol), the present review will focus on the biological effects of oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone, and hydroxytyrosol, with particular attention on the molecular mechanism underlying their action, resulting from in vitro and in vivo experimentation performed using isolated compounds.

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Abbreviations

1H-NMR:

High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance

3,4-DHPEA:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol

3,4-DHPEA-EA:

Oleuropein aglycone

3,4-DHPEA-EDA:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol-decarboxymethyl elenolic acid dialdehydic form

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

APCI:

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

Aβ:

Amyloid beta peptide

CE:

Capillary electrophoresis

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

DAD-UV:

Diode array detector-ultraviolet

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

EA:

Elenolic acid

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant potential

GC:

Gas chromatography

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HT:

Hydroxytyrosol

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

IT:

Ion trap

LC:

Liquid chromatography

LCN2:

Lipocalin 2

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LLE:

Liquid-liquid extraction

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAE:

Microwave-assisted extraction

MIR:

Medium infrared spectroscopy

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinases

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

OL:

Oleuropein

OLE:

Olive leaf extracts

OMW:

Olive mill wastewater

p-HPEA:

p-Hydroxyphenyl ethanol

p-HPEA-EA:

Ligstroside aglycone

p-HPEA-EDA:

p-Hydroxyphenyl ethanol-decarboxymethyl elenolic acid dialdehydic form

PLE:

Pressurized liquid extraction

QqQ:

Triple quadrupole systems

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SE:

Soxhlet extraction

SHLE:

Super Heated Liquid Extraction

SMC:

Smooth muscle cell

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TOF:

Time of flight

UAE:

Ultrasound-assisted extraction

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

UV:

Ultraviolet

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet-visible

VCAM-1:

Vascular adhesion molecule-1

VOO:

Virgin olive oil

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy

    Stefania Bulotta, Manuela Oliverio, Dr. Diego Russo & Antonio Procopio

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  1. Stefania Bulotta
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  2. Manuela Oliverio
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  3. Dr. Diego Russo
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  4. Antonio Procopio
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Correspondence to Stefania Bulotta .

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  1. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Durga Nursery Road, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, Biological-Active Plant Substances Study, University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Bulotta, S., Oliverio, M., Russo, D., Procopio, A. (2013). Biological Activity of Oleuropein and its Derivatives. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_156

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