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The Role of Bone Microenvironment, Vitamin D and Calcium

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Prevention of Bone Metastases

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 192))

Abstract

Starting first from Paget’s “seed and soil” to the latest hypothesis about metastatic process involving the concept of a premetastatic niche, a large amount of data suggested the idea that metastatization is a multistep coordinated process with a high degree of efficiency. A specific subpopulation of cells with tumor-initiating and migratory capacity can selectively migrate toward sites that are able to promote survival, and/or proliferation of metastatic tumor cells through a microenvironment modification. Bone plays a pivotal role in this process, acting not only as a preferential site for cancer cells' homing and proliferation, due to a complex interplay between different cellular phenotypes such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but also as a source of bone marrow precursors that are able to facilitate the metastatic process in extra-skeletal disease. Moreover, bone microenvironment has the unique capacity to retain cancer stem cells in a quiescent status, acting as a reservoir that is able to cause a metastatic spread also many years after the resection of the primary tumor. To add a further level of complexity, these mechanisms are strictly regulated through the signalling through several soluble factors including PTH, vitamin D or calcium concentration. Understanding this complexity represents a major challenge in anti-cancer research and a mandatory step towards the development of new drugs potentially able not only to reduce the consequences of bone lesions but also to target the metastatization process from the “bone pre-neoplastic niche” to “visceral pre-neoplastic niches”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy

    Daniele Santini, Francesco Pantano, Bruno Vincenzi & Giuseppe Tonini

  2. Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Medicina Interna D, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy

    Francesco Bertoldo

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  1. Daniele Santini
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  2. Francesco Pantano
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  3. Bruno Vincenzi
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  4. Giuseppe Tonini
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  5. Francesco Bertoldo
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Correspondence to Daniele Santini .

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  1. , Dept. of Medical Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 95, St. Gallen, 9007, Switzerland

    Markus Joerger

  2. Chirurgische Klinik, Abt. Allgemeine Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Wien, 1090, Austria

    Michael Gnant

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Santini, D., Pantano, F., Vincenzi, B., Tonini, G., Bertoldo, F. (2012). The Role of Bone Microenvironment, Vitamin D and Calcium. In: Joerger, M., Gnant, M. (eds) Prevention of Bone Metastases. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 192. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21892-7_2

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