Abstract
The Japanese flounder constitutes one of the most important reared fish species in Asia, with a major stock enhancement program in Japan to support decreases in industrial catches. Research on pond management, nutrition, immunity, sex manipulation, and population genetics has assisted flounder aquaculture over the past decades, but genetic programs to improve selection for complex traits, such as disease resistance, rapid growth rate, temperature tolerance, salinity tolerance, better meat quality, and high feed conversion ratio are at the beginning. Recently developed techniques in molecular biology have made it possible to dissect such complex traits controlled by several genes. Genetic linkage maps based on molecular markers at a large number of sites in the genome constitute an essential prerequisite to identify individual loci controlling these traits (QTLs). A ten-year effort was conducted toward the construction of genetic linkage maps and the dissection of lymphocystis disease resistance and pseudo-albinism. In 1999, the first genetic linkage map was constructed based on AFLP and microsatellite markers genotyped on F1 individuals, revealing 25 linkage groups for the male and 27 linkage groups for the female map and a great sex recombination rate in males. These sex-specific differences in recombination regions were later characterized by centromere mapping in 2002, showing that recombination events tend to occur more frequently in centromeric regions in the female, and conversely, in telomeric regions in the male. These maps were used in 2003 for QTL attempts. A backcross family originated from two contrasting inbred lines, resistant versus susceptible to lymphocystis disease, was genotyped for previously mapped microsatellite markers. A QTL that explained 50% of the total phenotypic variation was found in the individuals screened, and now, it is being used in commercially selective breeding programs. Two other QTLs associated with pseudo-albinism were also identified based on the previous maps. As more detailed maps are needed to achieve more precise results, a high-density, sex-specific genetic linkage map is currently being constructed for this species.
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Sánchez, C., Kobayashi, K., Coimbra, M., Fuji, K., Sakamoto, T., Okamoto, N. (2008). Japanese Flounder. In: Kocher, T., Kole, C. (eds) Genome Mapping and Genomics in Fishes and Aquatic Animals. Genome Mapping Genomics Animals, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73837-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73837-4_6
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