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Polarised Growth in Fungi

  • Chapter
Biology of the Fungal Cell

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 8))

Abstract

To accommodate new biomass generated through growth, all cells must by necessity increase their surface area. In fungal cells this means expanding the plasma membrane and cell wall, and is achieved by the fusion of membrane-bound secretory vesicles with the existing plasma membrane. Polarised growth requires that the flow of secretory vesicles is directed towards a single site on the cell cortex. The budding yeast, S. cerevisiae and the fission yeast, S. pombe have served as models for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms that drive polarised growth and a detailed picture has now emerged. Cortical cues result in the local activation of the Cdc42 GTPase. As a result of Cdc42 action actin cables are nucleated by a surface protein complex called the polarisome. Secretory vesicles are transported along these actin cables to dock with a second protein complex called the exocyst before fusion with the plasma membrane. Filamentous fungi show a degree of polarised growth that it much greater than that seen in budding or fission yeast. During hyphal growth, a structure called a Spitzenkörper is located at the hyphal tip. Secretory vesicles accumulate in the Spitzenkörper, which is thought to acts as a vesicle supply centre, which mathematical modelling shows can satisfactorily explain the pattern of hyphal growth. A key question is the relationship of the polarisome and Spitzenkörper. Is the Spitzenkörper a hyperactive polarisome or are they separate structures? One model is that the Spitzenkörper is a switching station whereby secretory vesicles are delivered to the Spitzenkörper along microtubules, before their onward transport along actin cables nucleated by the polarisome at the cell surface.

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  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Sheffield University, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK

    P. Sudbery & H. Court

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  1. DuPont Crop Genetics, Experimental Station E353 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE, 19880-0353, USA

    Richard J. Howard

  2. School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK

    Neil A. R. Gow

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Sudbery, P., Court, H. (2007). Polarised Growth in Fungi. In: Howard, R.J., Gow, N.A.R. (eds) Biology of the Fungal Cell. The Mycota, vol 8. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70618-2_6

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