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Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing

  • Chapter
Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering

Part of the book series: Principles and Practice ((PRINCIPLES))

Abstract

Plant cell-based bioprocessing is the use of plant cell and tissue cultures for the production of biologically active substances (low molecular secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins). The most significant advantage of plant cell culture over the traditionally grown whole wild plant or engineered transgenic plant is the sterile production of metabolites under defined controlled conditions independent of climatic changes and soil conditions, which means that variations in product yield and quality can be better avoided. Furthermore, regulatory requirements such as the cGMP standards, which have to be adhered to in the early stages of pharmaceutical production, are more easily met.

Moreover, plant cells are capable of performing complex posttranslational processing, which is a precondition for heterologous protein expression. When compared with mammalian cells, which currently dominate in the commercial protein manufacture, plant cell cultures as alternative expression systems guarantee safer processes because there is a lower risk of contamination by mammalian viruses, pathogens, and toxins. In addition to this considerable advantage, the process costs can also be substantially reduced. This is due to the fact that plant cell culture medium is very simple in composition and therefore relatively inexpensive.

This chapter provides an overview of culture types, techniques, and suitable bioreactors used to produce secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins in plant cells. We describe plant cell culture basics, discuss key topics relevant to plant cell bioreactor engineering with application examples, and give an overview of approaches to improving productivity of plant cell-based processes.

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Abbreviations

AAT:

alpha-1-antitrypsin

ABA:

abscisic acid

Ala:

alanine

Arg:

arginine

Asn:

asparagine

B:

boron

BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

BMP:

biomass productivity

BSA:

bovine serum albumin

BY-2:

Bright Yellow 2

CER:

carbon dioxide evolution rate

Co:

cobalt

CO2 :

carbon dioxide

Cu:

copper

Cys:

cysteine

C2H4 :

ethylene

DCM:

dry cell mass (dry biomass concentration)

DMSO:

dimethyl sulphoxide

DS:

dry substance

d:

day

dw:

dry weight

EDTA:

ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid

EPO:

erythropoietin

FCM:

fresh cell mass (fresh biomass concentration)

cGMP:

current Good Manufacturing Practice

f:

final

fw:

fresh weight

g:

gram

GA3 :

gibberellin A3

GA4 :

gibberellin A4

GA7 :

gibberellin A7

GI:

growth index

GM-CSF:

granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor

His:

histidine

h:

hour

HBsAg:

Hepatitis B surface antigen

HSA:

human serum albumin

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

I:

iodine

i:

initial

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

indole-3-butyric acid

Ile:

isoleucine

IPC:

In-Process control

JA:

jasmonic acid

kDa:

kilodalton

k La:

oxygen transfer coefficient

klux:

kilolux

KNO3 :

potassium nitrate

L:

Liter

l-DOPA:

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

Leu:

leucine

MCB:

master cell bank

MeJA:

methyl jasmonate

Met:

methionine

mg:

milligram

min:

minute

mm:

millimeter

Mn:

manganese

Mo:

molybdenum

MS:

medium Murashige and Skoog medium

NAA:

naphthaleneacetic acid

NaCl:

sodium chloride

NT-1:

Nicotiana tabacum 1

OUR:

oxygen uptake rate

O2 :

oxygen

pCV:

packed cell volume

pCO2 :

part of dissolved carbon dioxide in the medium

pO2 :

part of dissolved oxygen in the medium

PEG:

polyethyleneglycol

PMP:

plant-made pharmaceutical

PVP:

polyvinylpyrrolodine

PVS2:

plant vitrification solution 2

r:

recombinant

RA:

rosmarinic acid

Ri:

root-inducing

rpm:

revolution per minute

T-DNA:

transfer DNA

t:

cultivation time

TSP:

total soluble protein

tx:

point x in time

V:

volume

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

vir :

virulence

vvm:

volumes per volume per minute

W:

watt

WCB:

working cell bank

Zn:

zinc

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2,4,5-T:

2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

μm:

micrometer

μmole:

micromole

°C:

degree Centrigrade

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Eibl, R., Eibl, D. (2009). Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing. In: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering. Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68182-3_8

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