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Biocontrol Potential of Forest Tree Endophytes

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Endophytes of Forest Trees

Part of the book series: Forestry Sciences ((FOSC,volume 86))

Abstract

In the natural forest environment, the spread of pathogens may have dramatic effects on ecosystem functioning. To successfully control devastating forest pathogens, application of endophytes as biocontrol agents is an emerging area of research. There are several ways by which endophytic microorganisms can protect their tree hosts against pathogens. Endophytes promote plant growth by producing beneficial secondary metabolites (e.g. phytohormones) or providing nutrients (e.g. phosphorus). Endophytes can compete with pathogens and herbivores by successfully utilizing available substrates (colonization of shared niche can restrict pathogen invasion), or endophytes can produce antagonistic metabolites. Endophytes can enhance plant resistance by triggering and priming host defensive reactions. Endophytes could provide several opportunities for application in integrated pest management (IPM) to gain sustainable forestry practices. To utilize endophytes as biocontrol agents, the mechanisms behind the possible mode of action should be determined. Novel advances in cultivation-independent techniques including next generation sequencing technology (NGS), association analyses and network inference modelling will greatly facilitate identification of endophytes and unravel potential beneficial functions of endophytic communities. A further understanding of these mechanisms could help to minimize the use of environmental harming chemicals in plant and forest tree protection. We propose simple guidelines that could facilitate the use of fungal endophytes as biocontrol agents and simultaneously study their ecological functions.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

AHL:

N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone

BCAs:

Biocontrol agents

BHI:

Brain Heart infusion medium

C-endophytes:

Clavicipitaceous endophytes

DED:

Dutch elm tree disease

DSEs:

Dark septate endophytes

dsRNA:

Double-stranded RNA

EtOAc:

Ethyl acetate

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IPM:

Integrated pest management

ISR:

Induced systemic resistance

ITS:

Internal transcribed spacer

JA:

Jasmonic acid

K:

Potassium

KBA:

King’s B agar

LA:

Luria agar

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

MEA:

Malt extract agar

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MWAS:

Metagenome-wide association studies

N:

Nitrogen

NC-endophytes:

Non-clavicipitaceous endophytes

NGS:

Next generation sequencing

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

P:

Phosphorus

PAC:

Phialocephala fortinii s.l.- Acephala applanata Species complex

PDA:

Potato dextrose agar

PGPR:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

PPP:

Plant protection product

PR proteins:

Pathogenesis-related proteins

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

SA:

Salicylic acid

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

TSA:

Tryptic soy agar

VWO:

Verticillium wilt of olive trees

YPDA:

Yeast Peptone Dextrose Agar

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Eeva Terhonen, Andriy Kovalchuk, Artin Zarsav & Fred O. Asiegbu

  2. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Eeva Terhonen

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  1. Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Anna Maria Pirttilä

  2. School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA

    A. Carolin Frank

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Terhonen, E., Kovalchuk, A., Zarsav, A., Asiegbu, F.O. (2018). Biocontrol Potential of Forest Tree Endophytes. In: Pirttilä, A., Frank, A. (eds) Endophytes of Forest Trees. Forestry Sciences, vol 86. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89833-9_13

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