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Mollusca: Disseminated Neoplasia in Bivalves and the p53 Protein Family

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Advances in Comparative Immunology

Abstract

Insights into the common mechanisms that likely exist in invertebrate and in vertebrate cancers will lead to a more coherent understanding of the fundamental processes that are altered during tumorigenesis and of tumor immunity. Invertebrates possess an innate immune system, primarily consisting of cellular and humoral defenses. In mollusks, hemocytes provide the first line of defense against foreign particles or organisms but lose their functionality when transformed into neoplastic cells. Neoplasia, or abnormal growth and proliferation of cells, has been described in many invertebrate species ranging from sponges to mollusks and arthropods. Occurrence of neoplasia in invertebrates appears to be by far not as common or as diverse in nature as it is in vertebrates, but some invertebrates even display cancers with metastatic potential, notably the bivalve mollusks. This chapter will focus on a cancer of the hemocytes in marine bivalves called disseminated neoplasia. Disseminated neoplasia in bivalves can be induced by a retrotransposon, appears to have contributing environmental factors, and is one of only four known cases of a transmissible cancers, not only between members of the same species but also between members of closely related species. This chapter will describe how disseminated neoplasia and the components of the innate immune system are linked by one of the central nodes in a wide signaling network that integrates DNA stability, apoptosis, and cell growth: the p53 tumor suppressor family.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their gratitude to Charles Walker, Antonio Villalba, and Patricia Keen for their thorough review of this chapter and for their thoughtful contributions.

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Author notes

  1. Annette F. Muttray and Katerina Vassilenko contributed equally to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Resource Management (ERM), Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Annette F. Muttray

  2. Coastal Ocean Research Institute, OceanWise, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Katerina Vassilenko

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  1. Annette F. Muttray
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  2. Katerina Vassilenko
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Edwin L. Cooper

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Muttray, A.F., Vassilenko, K. (2018). Mollusca: Disseminated Neoplasia in Bivalves and the p53 Protein Family. In: Cooper, E. (eds) Advances in Comparative Immunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76768-0_28

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