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Fluoride Pollution in Groundwater

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Groundwater Development and Management

Abstract

With burgeoning population, the water demand of the world has increased by many folds and this increasing demand is met from surface water and groundwater resources. Though about 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water, only a tiny part of it is suitable for drinking. Surface water present in lakes, swamps and rivers (0.014%) and groundwater present in sub surface aquifers (1.7%) are the major source of water suitable for human consumption. But the quality of groundwater deteriorates due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Presence of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, iron, manganese and heavy metals in groundwater, above permissible limit, may cause serious health problems. Among numerous contaminants, arsenic and fluoride are considered as the two main contaminants in India both in terms of the number of people affected and their areal extent of distribution. Present chapter attempts to summarize various aspects of fluoride contamination of groundwater with special emphasis on its source as well as its occurrence in South Asian countries, in general and in India, in particular.

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  1. School of Environment & Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India

    Paulami Sahu

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  1. Department of Environment Management, Indian Institute of Social Welfare & Business Management, Kolkata, India

    Pradip K. Sikdar

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Sahu, P. (2019). Fluoride Pollution in Groundwater. In: Sikdar, P. (eds) Groundwater Development and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75115-3_14

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