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Role of Ethylene and Bacterial ACC-Deaminase in Nodulation of Legumes

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Microbes for Legume Improvement

Abstract

Rhizobia-legume symbiosis is a complex process involving a number of plant and bacterial genes that lead to the formation and development of root nodules. Plant hormone ethylene plays an important role in nodule development and nodule signaling networks in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Ethylene is known as a negative regulator of nodulation. Inoculation of rhizobia leads to a temporal stimulation of ethylene production that suppresses nodule formation. In contrast, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis or its physiological action promote nodule formation in legumes. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase is a biological inhibitor of ethylene synthesis. The rhizosphere bacteria containing ACC-deaminase can increase nodulation in legumes by degrading ACC (an immediate precursor of ethylene) and, thus, by lowering ethylene concentration in the plant. Similarly, some rhizobia also have shown ACC-deaminase activity and improvement in nodulation by regulating the concentration of ethylene in plant tissues. In this chapter, the role of ethylene and bacterial ACC-deaminase in nodulation of legumes is reviewed and discussed.

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Acknowledgment

The authors greatly acknowledge the contributions of Professor Muhammad Arshad (Late) in the field of plant hormones and bacterial ACC-deaminase biotechnology. Professor Arshad, a leading scientist and highly respected academician world over, laid the foundation of this chapter when he and his team of eminent teachers contributed to the first edition of the book Microbes for Legume Improvement, published in 2010. As editor of this book, I (MSK) pay a great tribute to Prof. Arshad for his timely and outstanding contribution to the first edition of this book.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Azeem Khalid, Zulfiqar Ahmad, Shahid Mahmood & Tariq Mahmood

  2. Department of Soil Science, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Imran

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  1. Azeem Khalid
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  2. Zulfiqar Ahmad
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  4. Tariq Mahmood
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  5. Muhammad Imran
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Correspondence to Azeem Khalid .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Almas Zaidi

  2. Dept of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  3. Dept of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Javed Musarrat

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Khalid, A., Ahmad, Z., Mahmood, S., Mahmood, T., Imran, M. (2017). Role of Ethylene and Bacterial ACC-Deaminase in Nodulation of Legumes. In: Zaidi, A., Khan, M., Musarrat, J. (eds) Microbes for Legume Improvement. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59174-2_4

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