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American Nepoviruses

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Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management

Abstract

Among the 15 nepoviruses infecting grapevines, four are of American origin based on their dependence on host plants or nematode vectors that are indigenous to America. Three of these nepoviruses, e.g., Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and Peach rosette mosaic virus (PRMV), are transmitted by nematodes of the Xiphinema  americanum group, as well as by seed and manual inoculation. The fourth nepovirus, Blueberry leaf mottle virus (BLMoV), is transmitted through pollen and mechanically. Transmission by a nematode has not been observed. BLMoV and PRMV have a host range restricted to woody plants and are significant pathogens of Vitis labrusca in the Great Lakes region. TRSV and ToRSV have broad host ranges that include annuals and perennials, woody and herbaceous crops, as well as weed species. They induce systemic, symptomless infections or ringspots in herbaceous hosts. Asymptomatic infections have masked the presence of TRSV and ToRSV to facilitate their spread across agricultural sectors. Both virus species occur sporadically from coast to coast in the USA infecting a variety of host plants and occasionally found outside of North America. The four American nepoviruses may have spread initially from the Great Lakes region via own-rooted vines. Phylogenetic analysis based on coat protein gene sequence information separates American from Old World nepoviruses. Like their Old World counterparts, New World nepoviruses have a bipartite genome and require two genomic RNAs for infection in planta. American nepovirus infection in grapevine is controlled by the use of tolerant rootstocks, clean stock programs, as well as by regional, national, and international guidelines that regulate the dissemination of propagation material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    A. Rowhani, S. D. Daubert & M. Al Rwahnih

  2. USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    J. K. Uyemoto

  3. Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA

    M. Fuchs

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  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Baozhong Meng

  2. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

    Giovanni P. Martelli

  3. Foundation Plant Services, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Deborah A. Golino

  4. Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA

    Marc Fuchs

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Rowhani, A., Daubert, S.D., Uyemoto, J.K., Al Rwahnih, M., Fuchs, M. (2017). American Nepoviruses. In: Meng, B., Martelli, G., Golino, D., Fuchs, M. (eds) Grapevine Viruses: Molecular Biology, Diagnostics and Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57706-7_5

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