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Traumatic Brain Injury as a Trigger of Neurodegeneration

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Neurodegenerative Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 15))

Abstract

Although millions of individuals suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide each year, it is only recently that TBI has been recognized as a major public health problem. Beyond the acute clinical manifestations, there is growing recognition that a single severe TBI (sTBI) or repeated mild TBIs (rTBI) can also induce insidious neurodegenerative processes, which may be associated with early dementia, in particular chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Identified at autopsy examination in individuals with histories of exposure to sTBI or rTBI, CTE is recognized as a complex pathology featuring both macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities. These include cavum septum pellucidum, brain atrophy and ventricular dilation, together with pathologies in tau, TDP-43, and amyloid-β. However, the establishment and characterization of CTE as a distinct disease entity is in its infancy. Moreover, the relative “dose” of TBI, such as the frequency and severity of injury, associated with risk of CTE remains unknown. As such, there is a clear and pressing need to improve the recognition and diagnosis of CTE and to identify mechanistic links between TBI and chronic neurodegeneration.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

Aβ:

Amyloid-beta

CSP:

Cavum septum pellucidum

CTE:

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

DAI:

Diffuse axonal injury

DP:

Dementia pugilistica

mTBI:

mild TBI

NFT:

Neurofibrillary tangle

PET:

Positron emission tomography

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

TDP-43:

43 kDa transactive response DNA binding protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Victoria E. Johnson, William Stewart, John D. Arena & Douglas H. Smith M.D.

  2. Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK

    William Stewart

  3. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

    William Stewart

Authors
  1. Victoria E. Johnson
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  2. William Stewart
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  3. John D. Arena
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  4. Douglas H. Smith M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Douglas H. Smith M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Melbourne Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia

    Philip Beart

  2. Pediatrics and Pharmacology Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael Robinson

  3. School of Life Sciences Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom

    Marcus Rattray

  4. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Nicholas J. Maragakis

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Johnson, V.E., Stewart, W., Arena, J.D., Smith, D.H. (2017). Traumatic Brain Injury as a Trigger of Neurodegeneration. In: Beart, P., Robinson, M., Rattray, M., Maragakis, N. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_15

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