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Environmental Biodegradation of Xenobiotics: Role of Potential Microflora

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Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 49))

Abstract

As a significance of industrial growth and advancement, ecological pollution triggered by release of varied types of inorganic and organic compounds has posed serious magnitudes. Worldwide, several thousands of dangerous and risky waste dumping sites have been created resulting in the accumulation of xenobiotics in water and soil since long time. Many unnatural compounds such as nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) and polycyclic aromatics and hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the by-products of crude petro products. Along with these, also the halogenated organic compounds constitute a huge and varied group of chemicals that are accountable for causing extensive environmental pollution. The conventional physicochemical corrective strategies to cleanse the sites contaminated by these pollutants are not cost economical. Consequently, much research work has been focused on biological means and techniques for degradation and removal of such pollutants. The sites contaminated by these compounds demand serious corrective answers, and the research has exposed a varied range of microflora that can exploit these xenobiotic compounds as carbon substrates, mineralizing them or changing them into innocuous products. Novel genes, enzymes, and metabolic ways involved in microbial biodegradation of PAHs, NACs, and other halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) have also been discovered; moreover, advanced technologies have also been developed which allow unearthing and broad flexibility of microbes in the environment cleaning. More studies are needed to understand the interface between xenobiotics and benign microbes in the environment to crisscross with biochemical and biotechnological areas. Such a novel approach will definitely provide the ground for effective interferences into environmental procedures and eventually lead to the enhanced tactics for appointing microbial diversity for effectual and actual bioremediation of xenobiotics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manoj Kumar, Ram Prasad, Pankaj Goyal, Narendra Tuteja, Ajit Varma & Vivek Kumar

  2. Department of Botany, CCS University, Meerut, India

    Priyanku Teotia

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  1. Manoj Kumar
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  2. Ram Prasad
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  3. Pankaj Goyal
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  5. Narendra Tuteja
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  6. Ajit Varma
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  7. Vivek Kumar
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Correspondence to Vivek Kumar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Inst. of Information Technology Department of Meteorology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vivek Kumar

  3. Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Kumar, M. et al. (2017). Environmental Biodegradation of Xenobiotics: Role of Potential Microflora. In: Hashmi, M., Kumar, V., Varma, A. (eds) Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment. Soil Biology, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47744-2_21

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