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Hierarchy Nano- and Ultrastructure of Lignocellulose and Its Impact on the Bioconversion of Cellulose

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Nanotechnology for Bioenergy and Biofuel Production

Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

Abstract

Lignocellulose has been considered as one of the most promising biomass feedstock for producing biofuels and biochemicals. However, lignocellulose is indeed a complicated natural biomaterial at nano- and microscales. This is because the chemical compositions of lignocellulose cell wall construct a bulwark with a spatially hierarchy nano- and ultrastructure to protect the structural carbohydrates from degradation, which is known as the biomass recalcitrance. In this chapter, we have reviewed the structural features of lignocellulosic biomass, particularly on the hierarchy nano- and ultrastructure of plant cell wall and its impact on the bioconversion of the biomass. The effects of various pretreatments on the structure changes of the biomass substrates have been discussed. The tools and methodologies to characterize the nano- and ultrastructure of lignocellulosic biomass also have been reviewed.

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Acknowledgment

Authors are grateful for the supports of this work by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21406130), National Energy Administration Project (No. NY20130402) and Dongguan Social and Technical Development Project (No. 2015108101004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Xuebing Zhao & Dehua Liu

  2. College of Life Sciences/Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China

    Feng Qi

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  1. Xuebing Zhao
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  2. Feng Qi
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  3. Dehua Liu
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Correspondence to Xuebing Zhao .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India

    Mahendra Rai

  2. Department of Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Lorena/SP, São Paulo, Brazil

    Silvio Silvério da Silva

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Zhao, X., Qi, F., Liu, D. (2017). Hierarchy Nano- and Ultrastructure of Lignocellulose and Its Impact on the Bioconversion of Cellulose. In: Rai, M., da Silva, S. (eds) Nanotechnology for Bioenergy and Biofuel Production. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45459-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45459-7_6

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