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Geothermometry and Geobarometry

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Encyclopedia of Geochemistry

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Origins and Definitions

In its 1875 edition, Encyclopaedia Britannica described “natural philosophy” as “the science of energy”; by implication, thermometers and barometers, which measure the transfer of energy, are among the most fundamental of scientific instruments. Their development is traceable to the birth of science in the seventeenth century when, driven by curiosity about heat transfer, Santorre, Galileo, Sagredo, and Torricelli each constructed instruments to measure temperature (T) and pressure (P). These early instruments are in a liberal sense “geothermometers ” and “geobarometers ” as they were used to measure Earth’s atmosphere, and mineral-bearing chemical reactions, in an age when mineralogy and chemistry were not distinct sciences. In geology, though, we invariably use these terms to refer to mathematical models that are used to estimate P and T of the solid Earth. And since P and Tare usually interdependent, we often speak of “thermobarometers.” Such “models” are...

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  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University – Fresno, 2576 E. San Ramon Ave, MS/ST24, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA

    Keith Putirka

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  1. Department of Earth, Cornell University Department of Earth, Ithaca, New York, USA

    William M. White

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Putirka, K. (2017). Geothermometry and Geobarometry. In: White, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_322-1

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