Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Applications of Permeabilization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Permeability of Biological Membranes

Abstract

The permeabilization of cells has obtained several applications. This chapter deals with these applications and includes cationic cell killing, gene delivery, anticancer effects, delivery of quantum dots, electrofusion, macromolecular biosynthetic processes (poly-ADP ribose, DNA, RNA), temporal order of gene replication and gene expression, visualization of replicons and intermediates of chromosome condensation, linear order and spatial arrangement of chromosomes, genotoxic chromatin changes, among them heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, Ag) treatment and irradiation (α, γ and UV-B) induced chromatin damages.

figure a

This figure is identical with Fig. 4.13 and explanation is given there.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andre F, Mir LM (2004) DNA electrotransfer: its principles and an updated review of its therapeutic applications. Gene Ther 11:S33–S42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ansley DM, Lee J, Godin DV, Garnett ME, Qayumi AK (1998) Propofol enhances red cell antioxidant capacity in swine and humans. Can J Anaesth 45:233–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arias M, Quijano JC, Haridas V, Gutterman JU, Lemeshko VV (2010) Red blood cell permeabilization by hypotonic treatments, saponin, and anticancer avicins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1798:1189–1196

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aronson A (1995) The protoxin composition of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal inclusions affects solubility and toxicity. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:114057–114060

    Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (1993) Fluorescent analysis of replication and intermediates of chromatin folding in nuclei of mammalian cells. In: Bach PH, Reynolds CH, Clark JM, Mottley J, Poole PL (eds) Biotechnology applications of microinjection, imaging and fluorescence. Plenum Press, New York, pp 111–120

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2006a) Condensation of interphase chromosomes in nuclei of synchronized CHO cells. DNA Cell Biol 25:641–645

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2006b) Linear connection of condensing chromosomes in nuclei of synchronized CHO cells. DNA Cell Biol 25:541–545

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2006c) Structure of interphase chromosomes in the nuclei of Drosophila cells. DNA Cell Biol 25:547–553

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2008a) Cell cycle synchronization of animal cells and nuclei by centrifugal elutriation. Nat Protoc 3:663–673

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2008b) Chromatin fiber structure and plectonemic model of chromosome condensation in Drosophila cells. DNA Cell Biol 27:65–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2009) Apoptotic chromatin changes. Springer, Dordrecht/New York, p 139

    Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G (2014) Apoptotic agents inducing genotoxicity-specific chromatin changes. Apotosis 19:1301–1316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Sarkar N (1983) Analysis of the 5′-termini of nascent DNA chains synthesized in permeable cells of Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol 163:147–169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Sarkar N (1985) Origin and degradation of the ribonucleotides at the 5′-termini of nascent DNA chains in Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol 186:275–282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Sooki-Toth A, Sarkar N, Csuzi S, Antoni F (1984a) Nascent DNA chains synthesized in recersibly permeable cells of mouse thymocytes. Eur J Biochem 139:553–559

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Szyfter K, Antoni F (1984b) Analysis of the 5′-ends of short DNA fragments excreted by phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 118:140–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Wiegant J, Sarkar N, van Duijn P (1989) Immunofluorescent visualization of DNA replication sites within nuclei of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Histochemistry 93:81–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Tanke H, Raap AK, Slats J, van der Ploeg (1990) Early replication signals in nuclei of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Histochemistry 94:435–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Mikhailova M, Poirier LA, Chou MW (1997a) Multiple subphases of DNA replication in CHO cells. DNA Cell Biol 16:1493–1498

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Poirier AL, Mikhailova M, Chou WM (1997b) Relationship of repair and replicative DNA synthesis to cell cycle in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. DNA Cell Biol 16:1155–1160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Littlefield N, Hass B, Mikhailova M, Csuka I, Szepessy E, Chou WM (2000) Effect of cadmium on the relationship between replicative and repair DNA synthesis in synchronized cho cells. Eur J Biochem 267:6580–6585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Gacsi M, Nagy G, Kiss BZ, Basnakian AG (2005) Cadmium induced apoptotic changes in chromatin structure and subphases of nuclear growth during the cell cycle in CHO cells. Apoptosis 10:631–642

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Nagy G, Gacsi M, Roszer T, Basnakian AG (2006) Common pathway of chromosome condensation in mammalian cells. DNA Cell Biol 25:295–301

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Ujvarosi K, Trencsenyi G, Somogyi C, Nagy G, Basnakian AG (2007) Cell culture density dependent toxicity and chromatin changes upon cadmium treatment in murine pre-B-cells. Apoptosis 12:1219–1228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banfalvi G, Sarvari A, Nagy G (2012) Chromatin changes induced by Pb and Cd in human cells. Toxicol In Vitro 26:1064–1071

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Basnakian A, Banfalvi G, Sarkar N (1989) Contribution of DNA polymerase δ to DNA replication in permeable cells synchronized in S phase. Nucleic Acids Res 17:4757–4767

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belehradek J Jr, Orlowski S, Ramirez LH, Pron G, Poddevin B, Mir LM (1994) Electropermeabilization of cells in tissues assessed by the qualitative and quantitative electroloading of bleomycin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1190:155–163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bengoechea JA, Lindner B, Seydel U, Díaz R, Moriyón I (1998) Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis are more resistant to bactericidal cationic peptides than Yersinia enterocolitica. Microbiology 144:1509–1515

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berger NA, Weber G, Kaichi AS (1978) Characterization and comparison of poly(adenosine dephosphoribose) synthesis and DNA synthesis in nucleotide-permeable cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 519:87–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernges F, Bürkle A, Küpper J-H, Zeller WJ (1997) Functional overexpression of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in transfected rat tumor cells. Carcinogenesis 18:663–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya S, Sarkar N (1981) Study of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in permeable cells of Bacillus subtilis using mercurated nucleotide substrates. Biochemistry 20:3029–3034

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya S, Sarkar N (1982) Transforming activity of mercury-substituted DNA synthesized in vitro by permeable cells of Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 257:1610–1612

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blow JJ, Watson JV (1987) Nuclei act as independent units of replication in Xenopus cell-free DNA replication system. EMBO J 6:1997–2002

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borgdorff AJ, Somjen GG, Wadman WJ (2000) Two mechanisms that raise free intracellular calcium in rat hippocampal neurons during hypoosmotic and low NaCl treatment. J Neurophysiol 83:81–89

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boukamp P, Petrussevska RT, Breitkreutz D, Hornung J, Markham A, Fusenig NE (1988) Normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line. J Cell Biol 106:761–771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boulikas T, Vougiouka M (2003) Cisplatin and platinum drugs at the molecular level. Oncol Rep 10:1663–1682

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buendia B, Santa-Maria A, Courvalin JC (1999) Caspase-dependent proteolysis of integral and peripheral proteins of nuclear membranes and nuclear pore complex proteins during apoptosis. J Cell Sci 11:1743–1753

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulger EM, Cuschieri J, Keir Warner K, Maier RV (2007) Hypertonic resuscitation modulates the inflammatory response in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Ann Surg 245:635–641

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bulger E, Jurkovich G, Nathens A, Copass MK, Hanson S, Cooper C, Liu PY, Neff M, Awan AB, Warner K, Maier RV (2008) Hypertonic resuscitation of hypovolemic shock after blunt trauma: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Surg 143:139–148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bürkle A, Müller M, Wolf I, Küpper JH (1994) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in intact or permeabilized leukocytes from mammalian species of different longevity. Mol Cell Biochem 138:85–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell FT, Bowser BH (1979) Critical evaluation of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions to resuscitate severely burned children: a prospective study. Ann Surg 189:546–552

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Čemazar M, Miklavčič D, Scancar J, Dolzan V, Golouh R, Serša G (1999) Increased platinum accumulation in SA-1 tumor cells after in vivo electrochemotherapy with cisplatin. Br J Cancer 79:1386–1391

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho YW, Kim JD, Park K (2003) Polycation gene delivery systems: escape from endosomes to cytosol. J Pharm Pharmacol 55:721–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crompton M, Ellinger H, Costi A (1988) Inhibition by cyclosporin A of a Ca2+−dependent pore in heart mitochondria activated by inorganic phosphate and oxidative stress. Biochem J 255:357–360

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Csuka I, Banfalvi G (1997) Analysis of 5′-termini of early intermediates of Okazaki fragments accumulated in thymocytes after emetine treatment of mice. DNA Cell Biol 16:979–984

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dale RMK, Ward DC (1975) Mercurated polynucleotides: new probes for hybridization and selective polymer fractionation. Biochemistry 14:2458–2469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dale RMK, Livingston DC, Ward DC (1973) The synthesis and enzymatic polymerization of nucleotides containing mercury: potential tools for nucleic acid sequencing and structural analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 70:2238–2242

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delehanty JB, Bradburne CE, Boeneman K, Susumu K, Farrell D, Mei BC, Blanco-Canosa JB, Dawson G, Dawson PE, Mattoussi H, Medintz IL (2010) Delivering quantum dot-peptide bioconjugates to the cellular cytosol: escaping from the endolysosomal system. Integr Biol (Camb) 2:265–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delehanty JB, Bradburne CE, Susumu K, Boeneman K, Mei BC, Farrell D, Blanco-Canosa JB, Dawson PE, Mattoussi H, Medintz IL (2011) Spatiotemporal multicolor labeling of individual cells using peptide-functionalized quantum dots and mixed delivery techniques. J Am Chem Soc 133:10482–10489

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar V, Mager D, Iqbal MA, Schildkraut CL (1988) The coordinate replication of the human P-globin gene domain reflects its transcriptional activity and nuclease hypersensitivity. Mol Cell Biol 8:4958–4965

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dürwald H, Hoffmann-Berling H (1971) DNA synthesis in nucleotide-permeable Escherichia coli cells. II. Synthesis of replicative form DNA of phage ΦX 174. J Mol Biol 58:755–773

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epner E, Rifkind RA, Marks PA (1981) Replication of a and 1 globin DNA sequences occurs during early S phase in murine erythroleukemia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:3058–3062

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson O (1991) Effects of the general anaesthetic propofol on the Ca2+-induced permeabilization of rat liver mitochondria. FEBS Lett 279:45–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farkas E, Ujvarosi K, Nagy G, Posta J, Banfalvi G (2010) Apoptogenic and necrogenic effects of mercuric acetate on the chromatin structure of K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Toxicol In Vitro 24:267–275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin TJ, Snow GA (ed) (1981) Antiseptics, antibiotics and the cell membrane. In: Biochemistry of antimicrobial action. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 58–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Furst A, Brown EH, Braunstein JD, Schildkraut CL (1981) α-Globin sequences are located in a region of early replicating DNA in murine erythroleukemia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:1023–1027

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gacsi M, Nagy G, Pinter G, Basnakian AG, Banfalvi G (2005) Condensation of interphase chromatin in nuclei of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. DNA Cell Biol 24:43–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman MA, Holmquist GP, Gray MC, Caston LA, Nag A (1984) Replication timing of genes and middlerepetitive sequences. Science 224:686–692

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grasso RJ, Heller R, Cooley JC, Haller EM (1989) Electrofusion of individual animal cells directly to intact corneal epithelial tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta 980:9–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grube K, Küpper JH, Bürkle A (1991) Direct stimulation of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase in permeabilized cells by double-stranded DNA oligomers. Anal Biochem 193:236–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunita DR, Tso JY, Narayanswami S, Hamkalo BA, Korn LT (1986) Early replication and expression of oocyte-type 5S RNA genes in a Xenopous somatic cell line carrying a translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:5150–5154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunter TE, Pfeiffer DR (1990) Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium. Am J Physiol 258:C755–C786

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutterman JU, Lai HT, Yang P, Haridas V, Gaikwad A, Marcus S (2005) Effects of the tumor inhibitory triterpenoid avicin G on cell integrity, cytokinesis, and protein ubiquitination in fission yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:12771–12776

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halldorson H, Gray DA, Shall S (1978) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in nucleotide permeable cells. FEBS Lett 85:349–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanausek M, Ganesh P, Walaszek Z, Arntzen CJ, Slaga TJ, Gutterman JU (2001) Avicins, a family of triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham), suppress H-rasmutations and aneuploidy in a murine skin carcinogenesis model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11551–11556

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanawalt PC (1995) DNA repair comes to age. Mutat Res 336:101–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardman R (2006) Toxicological review of quantum dots: toxicity depends on physicochemical and environmental factors. Environ Health Perspect 114:165–172

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haridas V, Arntzen CJ, Gutterman J (2001) Avicins, a family of triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham), inhibit activation of nuclear factor-κB by inhibiting both its nuclear localization and ability to bind DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:11557–11562

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haridas V, Hanausek M, Nishimura G, Soehnge H, Gaikwad A, Narog M, Spears E, Zoltaszek R, Walaszek Z, Gutterman JU (2004) Triterpenoid electrophiles (avicins) activate innate stress response by redox regulation of a gene battery. J Clin Invest 113:65–73

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatton KS, Dhar V, Brown EH, Iqbal MA, Stuart S, Didamo VT, Schildkraut CL (1988) Replication program of active and inactive multigene families in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 8:2149–2158

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heller R (1993) Incorporation of individual cells into intact tissue by electrofusion. In: Blank M (ed) Electricity and magnetism in biology and medicine. San Francisco Press, San Francisco, pp 115–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Henson PM, Johnston RB (1987) Tissue injury in inflammation: oxidants, proteinases, and cationic proteins. J Clin Invest 79:669–674

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hersh PS, Greenstein SA, Fry KL (2011) Corneal collagen crosslinking for keratoconus and corneal ectasia: one-year results. J Cataract Refract Surg 37:149–160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiriyanna KT, Varkey J, Beer M, Benbow M (1988) Electron microscopic visualization od sites of nascent DNA synthesis by streptavidin-gold binding to biotinylated nucleotides incorporated in vivo. J Cell Biol 107:33–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holcroft JW, Vassar MJ, Perry CA, Gannaway WL, Kramer GC (1989) Use of a 7.5% NaCl/6% Dextran 70 solution in the resuscitation of injured patients in the emergency room. Prog Clin Biol Res 299:331–338

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsing C-H, Chen Y-H, Chen C-L, Huang W-C, Lin M-C, Tseng P-C, Wang C-Y, Tsai C-C, Choi P-C, Lin C-F (2012) Anesthetic propofol causes glycogen synthase kinase-3β-regulated lysosomal/mitochondrial apoptosis in macrophages. Anesthesiology 116:868–881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes K, Crawford N (1989) Reversible electropermeabilization of human and rat blood platelets: evaluation of morphological and functional integrity in vitro and in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 981:277–287

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunting DJ, Dresler SL, de Murcia G (1985) Incorporation of biotin-labeled deoxyuridine triphosphate into DNA during excision repair and electron microscopic visualization of repair patches. Biochemistry 24:5729–5734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyland JK, Hirschhorn RR, Avignolo C, Mercer WE, Ohta M, Galanti N, Jonak GJ, Baserga R (1984) Microinjected pBR322 stimulates cellular DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:400–404

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda T, Yamaguchi H, Tazuke S (1984) New polymeric biocides: synthesis and antibacterial activities of polycations with pendant biguanide groups. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 26:139–144

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson DA (1991) Structure-function relationships in eukaryotic nuclei. Bioessays 13:1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson J, Bolte RG (2000) Risks of intravenous administration of hypotonic fluids for pediatric patients in ED and prehospital settings: let’s remove the handle from the pump. Am J Emerg Med 18:269–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Javadov S (2000) Protection of hearts from reperfusion injury by propofol is associated with inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Cardiovasc Res 45:360–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jayatilake GS, Freeberg DR, Liu Z, Richheimer SL, Blake Nieto ME, Bailey DT, Haridas V, Gutterman JU (2003) Isolation and structures of avicins D and G: potent tumor-inhibiting saponins derived from Acacia victoriae. J Nat Prod 66:779–783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karakoti AS, Shukla R, Shanker R, Singh S (2015) Surface functionalization of quantum dots for biological applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 215:28–45

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann WK, Bodell WJ, Cleaver JE (1983) DNA excision repair in permeable human fibroblasts. Carcinogenesis 4:179–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley VE, Cavallo T (1978) Glomerular permeability: transfer of native ferritin in glomeruli with decreased anionic sites. Lab Invest 39:547–553

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenjo E, Asai T, Yonenaga N, Ando H, Ishii T, Hatanaka K, Shimizu K, Urita Y, Dewa T, Nango M, Tsukada H, Oku N (2013) Systemic delivery of small interfering RNA by use of targeted polycation liposomes for cancer therapy. Biol Pharm Bull 36:287–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim BY, Jiang W, Oreopoulos J, Yip CM, Rutka JT, Chan WC (2008) Biodegradable quantum dot nanocomposites enable live cell labeling and imaging of cytoplasmic targets. Nano Lett 8:3887–3892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinosita K Jr, Tsong TT (1977) Hemolysis of human erythrocytes by transient electric field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74:1923–1927

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko SH, Yu C, Lee SK, Choe H, Chung MJ, Kwak YG, Chae SW, Song HS (1997) Propofol attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart. Anesth Analg 85:719–724

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konkel DA, Ingram VM (1977) RNA aggregation during sulfhydryl-agarose chromatography of mercurated DNA. Nucleic Acid Res 4:1979–1988

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozma L, Kiss A, Ember I, Kertai P (1993) Studies on acute myelomonocytic leukemia in LBF1 rats. Cancer Lett 68:185–192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo Y, Ishimoto A, Amanuma H (2003) Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses the fusogenicity of Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein in XC cells. Arch Virol 148:1899–1914

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kucera R, Paulus H (1982) Studied on ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase in permeable animal cells. I. Reversible permeabilization of mouse L cells with dextran sulfate. Arch Biochem Biophys 214:102–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurosawa Y, Okazaki T (1979) Structure of the RNA portion of the RNA-linked DNA pieces in bacteriophage T4- infected Escherichia coli cells. J Mol Biol 135:841–861

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lai HC, Yeh YC, Wang LC, Ting CT, Lee WL, Lee HW, Wang KY, Wu A, Su CS, Liu TJ (2011) Propofol ameliorates doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 257:437–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langer JJ, Waldrop AA, Ward DC (1981) Enzymatic synthesis of biotin-labeled polynucleotides: novel nucleic acid affinity probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:6633–6637

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lapidus RG, Sokolove PM (1992) Inhibition by spermine of the inner membrane permeability transition of isolated rat heart mitochondria. FEBS Lett 313:314–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lapidus RG, Sokolove PM (1994) The mitochondrial permeability transition. Interactions of spermine, ADP, and inorganic phosphate. J Biol Chem 269:18931–18936

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemeshko VV (2013) Electrical potentiation of the membrane permeabilization by new peptides with anticancer properties. Biochim Biophys Acta 1828:1047–1056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemeshko VV, Arias M, Orduz S (2005) Mitochondria permeabilization by a novel polycation peptide BTM-P1. J Biol Chem 280:15579–15586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemeshko VV, Haridas V, Quijano Pérez JC, Gutterman JU (2006) Avicins, natural anticancer saponins, permeabilize mitochondrial membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 454:114–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lester M, Orsoni GJ, Gamba G, Taffara M, Mangiafico P, Giuffrida S, Rolando M (2000) Improvement of the ocular surface using hypotonic 0.4% hyaluronic acid drops in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Eye (Lond) 14:892–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li XX, Davis B, Haridas V, Gutterman JU, Colombini M (2005) Proapoptotic triterpene electrophiles (avicins) form channels in membranes: cholesterol dependence. Biophys J 88:2577–2584

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichter JA, Rubner MF (2009) Polyelectrolyte multilayers with intrinsic antimicrobial functionality: the importance of mobile polycations. Langmuir 25:7686–7694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin MC, Chen CL, Yang TT, Choi PC, Hsing CH, Lin CF (2012) Anesthetic propofol overdose causes endothelial cytotoxicity in vitro and endothelial barrier dysfunction in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 265:253–262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marty M, Serša G, Garbay JR, Gehl J, Collins C, Snoj M, Billard V, Geertsen P, Larkin J, Miklavčič D, Pavlovic I, Paulin-Kosir S, Čemazar M, Morsli N, Soden D, Rudolf Z, Robert C, O’Sullivan G, Mir LM (2006) Electrochemotherapy – a simple, highly effective and safe treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases: results of ESOPE (European Standard Operating Procedures for Electrochemotherapy) study. Eur J Cancer Suppl 4:3–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita T, White KP, Sueoka N (1971) Chromosome replication in toluenized Bacillus subtilis cells. Nat (Lond) New Biol 232:111–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattox KL, Maningas PA, Moore EE, Mateer JR, Marx JA, Aprahamian C, Burch JM, Pepe PE (1991) Prehospital hypertonic saline/dextran infusion for post-traumatic hypotension. The USA multicenter trial. Ann Surg 213:482–491

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maysinger D, Lovrić J, Eisenberg A, Savić R (2007) Fate of micelles and quantum dots in cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 65:270–281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medepalli K, Alphenaar BW, Keynton RS, Sethu P (2013) A new technique for reversible permeabilization of live cells for intracellular delivery of quantum dots. Nanotechnology 24:205101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medintz IL, Pons T, Delehanty JB, Susumu K, Brunel FM, Dawson PE, Mattoussi H (2008) Intracellular delivery of quantum dot-protein cargos mediated by cell penetrating peptides. Bioconjug Chem 19:1785–1795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mekid H, Mir LM (2000) In vivo cell electrofusion. Biochim Biophys Acta 1524:118–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer M, Philipp A, Oskuee R, Schmidt C, Wagner E (2008) Breathing life into polycations: functionalization with pH-responsive endosomolytic peptides and polyethylene glycol enables siRNA delivery. J Am Chem Soc 130:3272–3273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mir LM, Orlowski S (1999) Mechanisms of electrochemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 35:107–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mir LM, Banoun H, Paoletti C (1988) Introduction of definite amounts of nonpermeant molecules into living cells after electropermeabilization: direct access to the cytosol. Exp Cell Res 175:15–25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mir LM, Orlowski S, Belehradek J Jr, Paoletti C (1991) Electrochemotherapy potentiation of antitumor effect of bleomycin by local electric pulses. Eur J Cancer 27:68–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moghadam GT, Hosseini-Zijoud S-M, Shayesteh TH, Ghasemi H, Ranjbar A (2014) Attenuation of cisplathin-induced toxic oxidative stress by propofol. Anesthesiol Pain Med 4:e14221

    Google Scholar 

  • Mora-Bermúdez F, Gerlich D, Ellenberg J (2007) Maximal chromosome compaction occurs by axial shortening in anaphase and depends on Aurora kinase. Nat Cell Biol 9:822–831

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morello D, Fitzgerald MJ, Babinet C, Fausto N (1990) C-myc, c-fos, and c-jun regulation in the regenerating livers of normal and H-2K/c-myc transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biol 10:3185–3193

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan DM, Larvin VL, Pearson JD (1989) Biochemical characterisation of polycation-induced cytotoxicity to human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 94:553–559

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moses RE, Richardson CC (1970) Replication and repair of DNA in cells of Escherichia coli treated with toluene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 67:674–681

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muiras ML, Müller M, Schächter F, Bürkle A (1998) Increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in lymphoblastoid cell lines from centenarians. J Mol Med (Berl) 76:346–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mujoo K, Haridas V, Hoffmann JJ, Wachter GA, Hutter LK, Lu Y, Blake ME, Jayatilake GS, Bailey D, Mills GB, Gutterman JU (2001) Triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae (Bentham) decrease tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Cancer Res 61:5486–5490

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy G, Gacsi M, Rehak M, Basnakian AG, Klaisz M, Banfalvi G (2004) Gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis in murine pre-B cells prevents the condensation of fibrillar chromatin in early S phase. Apoptosis 9:765–776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy G, Laza D, Ujvarosi K, Banfalvi G (2011a) Chromatin toxicity of Ni(II) ions in K562 erythroleukemia cells. In: Banfalvi G (ed) Cellular effects of heavy metals. Springer, New York, pp 163–178

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy G, Turani M, Kovacs KE, Banfalvi G (2011b) Chromatin changes upon silver nitrate treatment in human keratocyte HaCaT and K562 erythroleukemia cells. In: Banfalvi G (ed) Cellular effects of heavy metals. Springer, New York, pp 195–217

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayasu H, Berezney R (1989) Mapping replicational sites in the eukaryotic cell nucleus. J Cell Biol 108:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Needham L, Hellewell PG, Williams TJ, Gordon JL (1988) Endothelial functional responses and increased vascular permeability induced by polycations. Lab Invest 59:538–548

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann E, Rosenheck K (1972) Permeability changes induced by electric impulses in vesicular membranes. J Membr Biol 10:279–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann E, Sowers AE, Jordan CA (1989) Electroporation and electrofusion in cell biology. Plenum Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen-Hun M, Sippel AA, Hynes NE, Groner B, Schutz G (1978) Preferential transcription of the ovalbumin gene in isolated hen oviduct nuclei by RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75:686–690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Offer H, Zurer I, Banfalvi G, Rehak M, Falcovitz A, Milyavsky M, Goldfinger N, Rotter V (2001) p53 modulates base excision repair activity in a cell cycle specific manner following genotoxic stress. Cancer Res 61:88–96

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogle BM, Cascalho M, Platt JL (2005) Biological implications of cell fusion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:567–575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olivera B, Bonhoeffer F (1972) Replication of ΦX 174 DNA by Escherichia coli pol A− in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 69:25–29

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orlowski S, Mir LM (1993) Cell electropermeabilization: a new tool for biochemical and pharmacological studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1154:51–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paragh G, Fóris G, Paragh G Jr, Seres I, Karányi Z, Fülöp P, Balogh Z, Kosztáczky B, Teichmann F, Kertai P (2005) Different anticancer effects of fluvastatin on primary hepatocellular tumors and metastases in rats. Cancer Lett 222:17–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker AL, Eckley L, Singh S, Preece JA, Collins L, Fabre JW (2007) (LYS)16-based reducible polycations provide stable polyplexes with anionic fusogenic peptides and efficient gene delivery to post mitotic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1770:1331–1337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pillidge L, Downes CS, Johnson RT (1986) Defective post-replication recovery and u.v. sensitivity in a simian virus 40-transformed Indian muntjac cell line. Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 50:119–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pouton CW, Lucas P, Thomas BJ, Uduehi AN, Milroy DA, Moss SH (1998) Polycation-DNA complexes for gene delivery: a comparison of the biopharmaceutical properties of cationic polypeptides and cationic lipids. J Control Release 53:289–299

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pramanik S, Nagatoishi S, Sugimoto N (2012) DNA tetraplex structure formation from human telomeric repeat motif (TTAGGG):(CCCTAA) in nanocavity water pools of reverse micelles. Chem Commun (Camb) 48:4815–4817

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabes HM, Wirsching R, Tuczek HV, Iseler G (1976) Analysis of cell cycle compartments of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. Cell Tissue Kinet 9:517–532

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rehak M, Csuka I, Szepessy E, Banfalvi G (2000) Subphases of DNA replication in Drosophila cells. DNA Cell Biol 19:607–612

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz M, Velizarov S, Glück B, Berg H, Brambrink AM (1999) Effects of propofol (intravenous propofol emulsion) on cell membranes measured by electrofusion and electroporation. Arzneimittelforschung 49:281–285

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rems L, Ušaj M, Kandušer M, Reberšek M, Miklavčič D, Pucihar G (2013) Cell electrofusion using nanosecond electric pulses. Sci Rep 3:3382

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigobello MP, Toninello A, Siliprandi D, Bindoli A (1993) Effect of spermine on mitochondrial glutathione release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 194:1276–1281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rigobello MP, Barzon E, Marin O, Bindoli A (1995) Effect of polycation peptides on mitochondrial permeability transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 217:144–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rizoli SB, Kapus A, Fan J, Li YH, Marshall JC, Rotstein OD (1998) Immunomodulatory effects of hypertonic resuscitation on the development of lung inflammation following hemorrhagic shock. J Immunol 161:6288–6296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rols MP, Teissie J (1989) Ionic-strength modulation of electrically induced permeabilization and associated fusion of mammalian cells. Eur J Biochem 179:109–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rybak LP, Mukherjea D, Jajoo S, Ramkumar V (2009) Cisplatin ototoxicity and protection: clinical and experimental studies. Tohoku J Exp Med 219:177–186

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sadadcharam M, Soden DM, O’Sullivan GC (2008) Electrochemotherapy: an emerging cancer treatment. Int J Hyperthermia 24:263–273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Šalomskaitė-Davalgienė S, Cepurniene K, Satkauskas S, Venslauskas MS, Mir LM (2009) Extent of cell electrofusion in vitro and in vivo is cell line dependent. Anticancer Res 29:3125–3130

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Šatkauskas S, Batiuškaitė D, Šalomskaitė-Davalgienė S, Venslauskas MS (2005) Effectiveness of tumor electrochemotherapy as a function of electric pulse strength and duration. Bioelectrochemistry 65:105–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz RM, Wassarmann PM (1980) Efficient extraction and quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of cellular DNA. Anal Biochem 104:328–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seeberg E, Eide L, Bjørås M (1985) The base excision repair pathway. Trends Biochem Sci 20:391–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Seki S, Oda T (1986) DNA repair synthesis in bleomycin-pretreated permeable HeLa cells. Carcinogenesis 7:77–82

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seki S, Mori S, Oda T (1986) Deoxyribonuclease I sensitivity of DNA replicated in permeable mouse sarcoma cells. Acta Med Okayama 40:183–188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sela M, Kalchalski E (1959) Biological properties of polya-amino acids. Adv Protein Chem 14:391–478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen J, Zhao DJ, Li W, Hu QL, Wang QW, Xu FJ, Tang GP (2013) A polyethylenimine-mimetic biodegradable polycation gene vector and the effect of amine composition in transfection efficiency. Biomaterials 34:4520–4531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheinin R, Humbert J, Pearlman RE (1978) Some aspects of eukaryotic DNA replication. Annu Rev Biochem 47:277–316

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shulin L (2008) Methods in molecular biology: preclinical and clinical gene medicine. Humana Press, New York, pp 1–524

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MM, Huang RCC (1976) Transcription in vitro of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes in isolated mouse myeloma nuclei and chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73:775–779

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sooki-Toth A, Csuzi S, Altmann H, Antoni F, Banfalvi G (1986) Poly-(ADP-ribose) and replicative DNA synthesis studied in permeable mouse thymocytes. Acta Biochem Biophys Hung 21:313–325

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sooki-Toth A, Banfalvi G, Szollosi J, Kirsten E, Staub M, Antoni F, Kun E (1989) Cellular regulation of proteins. III. Selective augmentation of in vitro ADP-ribosylation of histon H3 in murine thymic cells after in vivo emetine treatment. Exp Cell Res 184:44–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein O, Devries A, Katchalski E (1956) The effects of polyamino acids on the blood vessels of the rat. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 107:243–253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sueoka N, Matsushita T, Ohi S, O’Sullivan MA, White KP (1973) In vivo and in vitro chromosome replication in Bacillus subtilis. In: Wells RD, Inman RB (eds) DNA synthesis in vitro. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 385–404

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sugar IP, Forster W, Neumann E (1987) Model of cell electrofusion. Membrane electroporation, pore coalescence and percolation. Biophys Chem 26:321–335

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szepessy E, Nagy G, Jenei Z, Serfozo Z, Csuka I, James J, Banfalvi G (2003) Multiple subphases of DNA repair and poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Eur J Cell Biol 82:201–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tabor CW (1960) The stabilizing effect of spermine and related amines on mitochondria and protoplasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2:117–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabor CW, Tabor H (1984) Polyamines. Annu Rev Biochem 53:749–790

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taljanidisz J, Popowski J, Sarkar N (1989) Temporal order of gene replication in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol Cell Biol 9:2881–2889

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teissie J, Blangero C (1984) Direct experimental evidence of the vectorial character of the interaction between electric pulses and cells in cell electrofusion. Biochim Biophys Acta 775:446–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teissié J, Sixou S, Rols MP (1992) Large volume cell electropermeabilization and electrofusion by a flow process. Charge Field Eff Biosyst 3:449–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trencsenyi G, Ujvarosi K, Nagy G, Banfalvi G (2007) Transition from chromatin bodies to linear chromosomes in nuclei of murine preB cells synchronized in S phase. DNA Cell Biol 26:549–556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trencsenyi G, Nagy G, Bako F, Kertai P, Banfalvi G (2012) Incomplete chromatin condensation in enlarged rat myelocytic leukemia cells. DNA Cell Biol 31:470–478

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turani M, Banfalvi G, Peter A, Kukoricza K, Kiraly G, Talas L, Tanczos B, Dezso B, Nagy G, Kemeny-Beke A (2015) Antibiotics delay in vitro human stem cell regrowth. Toxicol In Vitro 29:370–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ujvarosi K, Hunyadi J, Nagy G, Pocsi I, Banfalvi G (2007) Preapoptotic chromatin changes induced by ultraviolet B irradiation in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Apoptosis 12:2089–2099

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Ploeg M, Raap AK (1988) In situ hybridization: an overview. In: Goerttler K, Feichter GE, Witte S (eds) New frontiers in cytology. Springer, Berlin, pp 21–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Vassar MJ, Perry CA, Gannaway WL, Holcroft JW (1991) 7.5% sodium chloride/dextran for resuscitation of trauma patients undergoing helicopter transport. Arch Surg 126:1065–1072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vassar MJ, Fischer RP, O’Brien PE, Bachulis BL, Chambers JA, Hoyt DB, Holcroft JW (1993) A multicenter trial for resuscitation of injured patients with 7.5% sodium chloride. The effect of added dextran 70. The multicenter group for the study of hypertonic saline in trauma patients. Arch Surg 128:1003–1011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vassilopoulos G, Wang PR, Russell DW (2003) Transplanted bone marrow regenerates liver by cell fusion. Nature 422:901–904

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vehaskari VM, Chang CT-C, Stevens JK, Robson AM (1984) The effects of polycations on vascular permeability in the rat. J Clin Invest 73:1053–1061

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wade CE, Kramer GC, Grady JJ, Fabian TC, Younes RN (1997a) Efficacy of hypertonic 7.5% saline and 6% dextran-70 in treating trauma: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical studies. Surgery 122:609–616

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wade CE, Grady JJ, Kramer GC, Younes RN, Gehlsen K, Holcroft JW (1997b) Individual patient cohort analysis of the efficacy of hypertonic saline/dextran in patients with traumatic brain injury and hypotension. J Trauma 42:61–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wade CE, Grady JJ, Kramer GC (2004) Efficacy of hypertonic saline dextran fluid resuscitation for patients with hypotension from penetrating trauma. J Trauma 54:144–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Haridas V, Gutterman JU, Xu Z-X (2010) Natural triterpenoid avicins selectively induce tumor cell death. Commun Integr Biol 3:205–208

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Xu E, Xiao Y (2014) Isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance IV fluids in hospitalized children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 133:105–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams Y, Byrne S, Bashir M, Davies A, Whelan A, Gun’ko Y, Kelleher D, Volkov Y (2008) Comparison of three cell fixation methods for high content analysis assays utilizing quantum dots. J Microsc 232:91–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xia WF, Liu Y, Zhou QS, Tang QZ, Zou HD (2011) Comparison of the effects of propofol and midazolam on inflammation and oxidase stress in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. Yonsei Med J 52:326–332

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZX, Liang J, Haridas V, Gaikwad A, Connolly FP, Mills GB, Gutterman JU (2007) A plant triterpenoid, avicin D, induces autophagy by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Death Differ 14:1948–1957

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZX, Ding T, Haridas V, Connolly F, Gutterman JU (2009) Avicin D, a plant triterpenoid, induces cell apoptosis by recruitment of Fas and downstream signaling molecules into lipid rafts. PLoS One 4:e8532

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang C, Xie H, Li Y, Zhang JK, Su BL (2013) Direct and rapid quantum dots labelling of Escherichia coli cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 393:438–444

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao X, Panichpisal K, Kurtzman N, Nugent K (2007) Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a review. Am J Med Sci 334:115–124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Younes RN, Aun F, Accioly CQ, Casale LP, Szajnbok I, Birolini D (1992) Hypertonic solutions in the treatment of hypovolemic shock: a prospective, randomized study in patients admitted to the emergency room. Surgery 111:380–385

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zasloff M, Felsenfeld G (1977) Analysis of in vitro transcription of duck reticulocyte chromatin using mercury-substituted ribonucleoside triphosphates. Biochemistry 16:5135–5145

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeya HI, Spitznagel JK (1968) Arginine rich proteins of polymorphonuclear lysosomes. Antimicrobial specificity and biochemical heterogeneity. J Exp Med 1227:927–941

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann U (1982) Electric field-mediated fusion and related electrical phenomena. Biochim Biophys Acta 694:227–277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann U, Schultz J, Pilwat G (1973) Transcellular ion flow in Escherichia coli B and electrical sizing of bacterias. Biophys J 13:1005–1013

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann U, Pilwat G, Riemann F (1974) Reversibler dielektrischer Durchbruch von Zellmembranen in elektrostatischen Feldern. Z Naturforsch 29c:304–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoratti M, Szabo I (1995) The mitochondrial permeability transition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1241:139–176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

    Gaspar Banfalvi

Authors
  1. Gaspar Banfalvi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Banfalvi, G. (2016). Applications of Permeabilization. In: Permeability of Biological Membranes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28098-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation