Abstract
In the last few years, many reports have been describing promising biocompatible and biodegradable materials that can mimic in a certain extent the multidimensional hierarchical structure of the bone and can release bioactive agents or drugs in a controlled manner. Despite these great advances, new developments in the design and fabrication technologies are required to address the need to engineer suitable biomimetic materials to tune cell functions, i.e., enhance cell–biomaterial interactions and promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation abilities. Scaffolds, hydrogels, fibers, and composite materials are the most commonly used as biomimetics for bone tissue engineering. Dynamic systems such as bioreactors have also been attracting great deal of attention as it allows developing a wide range of novel in vitro strategies for the homogeneous coating of scaffolds and prosthesis with ceramics and production of biomimetic constructs, prior to its implantation in the body. Herein, the biomimetic strategies for bone tissue engineering, recent developments, and future trends are overviewed. Conventional and more recent processing methodologies are also described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Finkemeier CG (2002) Bone-grafting and bone-graft substitutes. J Bone Joint Surg-Am 84:454–464
Aizenberg J, Weaver J, Thanawala MS, Sundar VC, Morse DE, Fratzl P (2005) Skeleton of Euplectella sp.: structural hierarchy from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Science 309:275–278
Sprio S, Ruffini A, Valentini F, D’Alessandro T, Sandri M, Panseri S, Tampieri A (2011) Biomimesis and biomorphic transformations: new concepts applied to bone regeneration. J Biotechnol 156(4):347–355
Mano JF, Silva GA, Azevedo HS, Malafaya PB, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Boesel LF, Oliveira JM, Santos TC, Marques AP, Neves NM, Reis RL (2007) Natural origin biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: present status and some moving trends. J R Soc Interface 4:999–1030
Bohner M (2000) Calcium orthophosphates in medicine: from ceramics to calcium phosphate cements. Inj Int J Care Inj 31:37–47
Oliveira JM, Costa SA, Leonor IB, Malafaya PB, Mano JF, Reis RL (2009) Novel hydroxyapatite/carboxymethylchitosan composite scaffolds prepared through an innovative “autocatalytic” electroless coprecipitation route. J Biomed Mater Res A 88(2):470–480
Langer R, Tirrell D (2004) Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature 428:487–492
Oliveira J, Silva S, Malafaya P, Rodrigues M, Kotobuki N, Hirose M, Gomes M, Mano J, Ohgushi H, Reis R (2009) Macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: physicochemical characterization and assessment of rat bone marrow stromal cell viability. J Biomed Mater Res A 91:175–186
Yan L-P, Correia J, Correia C, Caridade S, Fernandes E, Sousa R, Mano JF, Oliveira J, Oliveira A, Reis RL (2013) Bioactive macro/micro porous silk fibroin/nano-sized calcium phosphate scaffolds with potential for bone-tissue-engineering applications. Nanomedicine 8:359–378
Columbus S, Krishnan L, Kalliyana K (2013) Relating pore size variation of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) scaffolds to molecular weight of porogen and evaluation of scaffold properties after degradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 102(4):789–796. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33060
Oliveira A, Sousa E, Silva N, Sousa N, Salgado A, Reis R (2012) Peripheral mineralization of a 3D biodegradable tubular construct as a way to enhance guidance stabilization in spinal cord injury regeneration. J Mater Sci Mater Med 23:2821–2830
Lima M, Pirraco R, Sousa R, Neves N, Marques A, Bhattacharya M, Correlo V, Reis R (2013) Bottom-up approach to construct microfabricated multi-layer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Microdevices 16(1):69–78
Rumian L, Wojak I, Scharnweber D, Pamuła E (2013) Resorbable scaffolds modified with collagen type I or hydroxyapatite: in vitro studies on human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Bioeng Biomech 15:61–67
Yang P, Huang X, Wang C, Dang X, Wang K (2013) Repair of bone defects using a new biomimetic construction fabricated by adipose-derived stem cells, collagen I, and porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. Exp Biol Med 238(12):1331–1343. doi:10.1177/1535370213505827
Zreiqat H (2014) Mimicking bone microenvironment for directing adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 1202:161–171
Oliveira JM, Rodrigues M, Silva SS, Malafaya PB, Gomes ME, Viegas CA, Dias IR, Azevedo JT, Mano JF, Reis RL (2006) Novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan bilayered scaffold for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications: scaffold design and its performance when seeded with goat bone marrow stromal cells. Biomaterials 27:6123–6137
Slaughter B, Khurshid S, Fisher O, Khademhosseini A, Peppas N (2009) Hydrogels in regenerative medicine. Adv Mater 21:3307–3329
Chung H, Park T (2009) Self-assembled and nanostructured hydrogels for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Nano Today 4:429–437
Liu S, Tay R, Khan M, Ee P, Hedrick J, Yang Y (2010) Synthetic hydrogels for controlled stem cell differentiation. Soft Matter 6:67–81
Hoffman A (2002) Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 43:3–12
Van Vlierberghe S, Fritzinger B, Martins J, Dubruel P (2010) Hydrogel network formation revised: high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance as a powerful tool for measuring absolute hydrogel cross-link efficiencies. Appl Spectrosc 64:1176–1180
Tan H, Marra K (2010) Injectable, biodegradable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. Materials 3:1746–1767
Kretlow J, Klouda L, Mikos A (2007) Injectable matrices and scaffolds for drug delivery in tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:263–273
Oliveira JT, Reis RL (2011) Polysaccharide-based materials for cartilage tissue engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 5:421–436
Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E (2011) Biopolymer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. Biomacromolecules 12:1387–1408
Hiemstra C, van der Aa L, Zhong Z, Kijkstra P, Jan F (2007) Rapidly in situ-forming degradable hydrogels form dextran thiols through Michael addition. Biomacromolecules 8:1548–1556
Wang C, Stewart R, Kopecek J (1999) Hybrid hydrogels assembled from synthetic polymers and coiled-coil protein domains. Nature 397:417–420
Oliveira J, Martins L, Picciochi R, Malafaya P, Sousa R, Neves N, Mano J, Reis R (2010) Gellan gum: a new biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 93:852
Silva-Correia J, Oliveira J, Caridade S, Oliveira J, Sousa R, Mano J, Reis R (2011) Gellan gum-based hydrogels for intervertebral disc tissue-engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 5:e97–e107
Silva-Correia J, Zavan B, Vindigni V, Silva T, Oliveira J, Abatangelo G, Reis R (2013) Biocompatibility evaluation of ionic- and photo-crosslinked methacrylated gellan gum hydrogels: in vitro and in vivo study. Adv Healthcare Mater 2:568–575
Manda-Guiba G, Oliveira M, Mano J, Marques A, Oliveira J, Correlo V, Reis R (2012) Gellan gum – hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Reg Med 6(2):15
Pereira D, Canadas R, Silva-Correia J, Marques A, Reis R, Oliveira J (2014) Gellan gum-based hydrogel bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. Key Eng Mater 587:255–260
Shin H, Jo S, Mikos A (2003) Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 24:4353–4364
Rada T, Carvalho P, Santos T, Castro A, Reis R, Gomes M (2013) Chondrogenic potential of two hASCs subpopulations loaded onto gellan gum hydrogel evaluated in a nude mice model. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 8:357–364
Vatankhah E, Semnani D, Prabhakaran MP, Tadayon M, Razavi S, Ramakrishna S (2014) Artificial neural network for modeling the elastic modulus of electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffolds. Acta Biomater 10:709–721. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.015
Ng R, Zang R, Yang K, Liu N, Yang S (2012) Three-dimensional fibrous scaffolds with microstructures and nanotextures for tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2:10110–10124
Gomes M, Azevedo H, Moreira A, Ella V, Kellomaki M, Reis R (2008) Starch-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and starch-poly(lactic acid) fibre-mesh scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: structure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviour. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2(5):243–252
Oliveira J, Sousa R, Malafaya P, Silva S, Hirose M, Ohgushi H, Mano J, Reis R (2011) In vivo study of dendron-like nanoparticles for stem cells tune-up: from nano to tissues. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 7:914–924
Cheng Q, B. L-P L, Komvopoulos K, Li S (2013) Engineering the microstructure of electrospun fibrous scaffolds by microtopography. Biomacromolecules 14:1349–1360
Stankus J, Freytes D, Badylak S, Wagner W (2008) Hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds from electrospinning of a synthetic biodegradable elastomer and urinary bladder matrix. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 19:635–652
Bhumiratana S, Grayson W, Castaneda A, Rockwood D, Gil E, Kaplan D, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2011) Nucleation and growth of mineralized bone matrix on silk-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds. Biomaterials 32:2812–2820
Wang E, Lee SH, Lee SW (2011) Elastin-like polypeptide based hydroxyapatite bionanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 12(3):672–680
Kim HJ, Kim U-J, Kim HS, Li C, Wada M, Leisk GG, Kaplan DL (2008) Bone tissue engineering with premineralized silk scaffolds. Bone 42(6):1226–1234
Zhou C, Shi Q, Guo W, Terrell L, Qureshi AT, Hayes DJ, Wu Q (2013) Electrospun bio-nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by cellulose nanocrystals reinforcing maleic anhydride grafted PLA. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5(9):3847–3854
Wei J, Heo SJ, Liu C, Kim DH, Kim SE, Hyun YT, Shin JW, Shin JW (2009) Preparation and characterization of bioactive calcium silicate and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocomposite for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 90(3):702–712
Kotela I, Podporska J, Soltysiak E, Konsztowicz J, Blazewicz M (2009) Polymer nanocomposites for bone tissue substitutes. Ceram Int 35:2475–2480
Kokubo T, Takadama H (2006) How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials 27:2907–2915
Oliveira A, Costa S, Sousa R, Reis R (2009) Nucleation and growth of biomimetic apatite layers on 3D plotted biodegradable polymeric scaffolds: Effect of static and dynamic coating conditions. Acta Biomater 5:1626–1638
Yeatts AB, Both SK, Yang W, Alghamdi HS, Yang F, Fisher JP, Jansen JA (2013) In vivo bone regeneration using tubular perfusion system bioreactor cultured nanofibrous scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 20(1–2):139–146. doi:10.1089/ten.TEA.2013.0168
Mandoli C, Mecheri B, Forte G, Pagliari F, Pagliari S, Carotenuto F, Fiaccavento R, Rinaldi A, Di Nardo P, Licoccia S, Traversa E (2010) Thick soft tissue reconstruction on highly perfusive biodegradable scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 10:127–138
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Pina, S., Oliveira, J.M., Reis, R.L. (2016). Biomimetic Strategies to Engineer Mineralized Human Tissues. In: Antoniac, I. (eds) Handbook of Bioceramics and Biocomposites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12460-5_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12460-5_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12459-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12460-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics