Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) act as an adaptive immune system against invading nucleic acids and bacteriophages in bacteria and archaea. Based on the constitution of effector protein, CRISPR/Cas is broadly divided into multiple types and subtypes. Among these, type VI CRISPR/Cas system is of special attention with four subtypes, namely, VI-A, VI-B, VI-C, and VI-D, and are believed to have evolutionary origin from transposons. These subtypes exhibit variations in structural architecture and mechanism and have diverse Cas13a (C2c2), Cas13b1 (C2c6), Cas13b2 (C2c6), Cas13c (C2c7) and Cas13d effector proteins. CRISPR/Cas13 ribonuclease processes pre-crRNA to mature crRNA which targets and knockdown single-stranded RNA of phage genome during viral interference. The high specificity RNA guiding and RNA-targeting capacity of this protein enables to fuse with several effector molecules, opening new avenues in the field of Cas13-mediated RNA targeting, tracking, and editing. CRISPR/Cas13 has a unique feature of targeting RNAs including plants, so it can be used as a new tool for engineering interference against plant pathogens including RNA viruses, with better specificity and for other RNA modifications in plants. Fluorescent probe-tagged deactivated programmable Cas13 proteins could be used as an alternative tool for in vitro RNA studies. The engineered Cas13 can also be used for programmable RNA editing. The high target specificity, low cost, and user-friendly operation of CRISPR/Cas13 make this an effective tool for several RNA-based research studies and applications. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is upon classification of CRISPR/Cas system, structural and functional diversity of type VI CRISPR/Cas system including its discovery and origin, mechanism, and role of Cas13 in RNA editing of plants.
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Pandita, D., Puli, C.O.R., Palakolanu, S.R. (2021). CRISPR/Cas13: A Novel and Emerging Tool for RNA Editing in Plants. In: Tang, G., Teotia, S., Tang, X., Singh, D. (eds) RNA-Based Technologies for Functional Genomics in Plants. Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64994-4_14
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