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Lysophospholipids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases

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Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume I

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1303))

Abstract

The lysophospholipids (LPLs) belong to a group of bioactive lipids that play pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes. LPLs are derivatives of phospholipids and consist of a single hydrophobic fatty acid chain, a hydrophilic head, and a phosphate group with or without a large molecule attached. Among the LPLs, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the simplest, and have been shown to be involved in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate LPA and S1P signaling. In this chapter, we will discuss on the role of LPA, S1P, their metabolizing enzymes, inhibitors or agonists of their receptors, and their GPCR-mediated signaling in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases, focusing specially on acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Abbreviations

AGK:

Acylglycerol kinase

ALI:

Acute lung injury

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

ASM:

Airway smooth muscle

ATX:

Autotaxin

BALF:

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DGK:

Diacylglycerol kinase

DMS:

Dimethylsphingosine

DTD:

DL-threo-Dihydrosphingosine

ECMO:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Edg:

Endothelial cell differentiation gene

EMT:

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

ENPP2:

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases family member 2

G3P:

Glycerol 3-phosphate

GPAT:

Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase

GPCR:

G protein–coupled receptor

HLMVEC:

Human lung microvascular cell

HPAEC:

Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cell

IP:

Intraperitoneal

IT:

Intratracheal

IV:

Intravenous

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPAATs:

LPA acyltransferases

LPL:

Lysophospholipid

LPP:

Lipid phosphatase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAG:

Monoacylglycerol

MLC:

Myosin light chain

NOX2:

NADPH oxidase type 2

ORMDL3:

OR-like protein isoform 3

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

PLA:

Phospholipase A

PLC:

Phospholipase C

PLD:

Phospholipase D

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

S1P:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate

SphK:

Sphingosine kinase

Spns2:

Spinster homolog 2

SPPase:

S1P phosphatase

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Acknowledgements

Part of this work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health (R01HL131665, HL136294 to Y.Z., R01 GM115389, R01HL151513 to J.Z.). We thank Kevin C Tran and Sarah J Taleb for editing the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jing Zhao & Yutong Zhao

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Correspondence to Yutong Zhao .

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  1. Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA

    Yong-Xiao Wang

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Zhao, J., Zhao, Y. (2021). Lysophospholipids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases. In: Wang, YX. (eds) Lung Inflammation in Health and Disease, Volume I. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1303. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_20

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