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Securing Electric Vehicle Charging Systems Through Component Binding

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Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security (SAFECOMP 2020)

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Abstract

In Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scenarios, Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries serve as distributed energy resources that help stabilize power supply through managed (dis)charging. The effective and safe grid integration is only possible when an Electric Vehicle Charging System (EVCS) responsible for the battery management and V2G communication is counterfeit-free and protected against malicious attacks. By manipulating the EVCS, adversaries can cause financial and physical damage and increase the risk of hazardous situations such as fire and traffic accidents. In this paper, we introduce secEVCS, a security architecture for EVCSs, which ensures that only a vehicle with a manufacturer-approved charging system can connect to the grid by securely binding all components of the EVCS. Our solution is based on the enhanced authorization functionality of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) and protects against the installation of counterfeit products and re-use of secret data stored in scrapped EVCSs. We implemented secEVCS using a TPM 2.0 chip and the V2G protocol specified in the ISO 15118 standard to show the feasibility and to evaluate the performance of our solution.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The ISO 15118 standard series is actively adopted by the industry, e.g., the CharIn network (www.charinev.org). While we focus on the current protocol specification, ISO 15118-2, we consider the 2nd edition draft, ISO 15118-20 [11], whenever relevant.

  2. 2.

    VINs mainly conform to two international standards ISO 3779 and US Standard FMVSS 115; a VIN is always 17 characters long.

  3. 3.

    It can take an ARM Cortex-M0+ without performance optimizations up to 3649 ms to create a signature using the algorithm and parameters defined by ISO 15118 [27].

  4. 4.

    Transmitting 16 byte nonce, 64 byte EC public key, and 64 byte ECDSA signature in 18 extended CAN frames (16 bytes each with 8 bytes data and 7 bits inter-frame spacing) with 125 kbps Low-Speed CAN takes about 20 ms under optimal conditions.

  5. 5.

    TPM2-TSS: https://github.com/tpm2-software/tpm2-tss.

  6. 6.

    RISE-V2G: https://github.com/V2GClarity/RISE-V2G.

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Acknowledgments

The work was partly funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) under the project “LamA-connect” (01MZ19005A) and the TALENTA program of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fraunhofer SIT, Darmstadt, Germany

    Andreas Fuchs, Dustin Kern, Christoph Krauß & Maria Zhdanova

Authors
  1. Andreas Fuchs
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  2. Dustin Kern
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  3. Christoph Krauß
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  4. Maria Zhdanova
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoph Krauß .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    António Casimiro

  2. Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany

    Frank Ortmeier

  3. Thales Deutschland GmbH, Ditzingen, Germany

    Friedemann Bitsch

  4. University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Pedro Ferreira

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Fuchs, A., Kern, D., Krauß, C., Zhdanova, M. (2020). Securing Electric Vehicle Charging Systems Through Component Binding. In: Casimiro, A., Ortmeier, F., Bitsch, F., Ferreira, P. (eds) Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12234. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54549-9_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54549-9_26

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