Skip to main content

Physiologic Methods of Assessment Relevant to Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

Abstract

Circadian research and diagnosis of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders rely on standardized, objective measurements of circadian rhythms. Some measurement methodologies, such as wrist actigraphy, are widely available, whereas others, e.g., endogenous circadian phase determination using the onset of melatonin secretion, are used more commonly in research settings. This chapter reviews the various tools and techniques used by researchers and clinicians to evaluate physiologic circadian measures and to assess patients presenting with circadian sleep-wake disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, editor. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Darien: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Roebuck A, Monasterio V, Gederi E, Osipov M, Behar J, Malhotra A, et al. A review of signals used in sleep analysis. Physiol Meas. 2014;35(1):R1–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP. The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep. 2003;26(3):342–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Youngstedt SD, Kripke DF, Elliott JA, Klauber MR. Circadian abnormalities in older adults. J Pineal Res. 2001;31:264–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cole RJ, Smith JS, Alcala YC, Elliott JA, Kripke DF. Bright-light mask treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome. J Biol Rhythms. 2002;17(1):89–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Richardson GS, Tate BA, Seifer R. An approach to studying circadian rhythms of adolescent humans. J Biol Rhythms. 1997;12(3):278–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Carskadon MA, Wolfson A, Acebo C, Tzischinsky O, Seifer R. Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep. 1998;21(8):871–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Scargle JD. Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II – statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly spaced data. Astrophys J. 1982;263:835–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Refinetti R, Lissen GC, Halberg F. Procedures for numerical analysis of circadian rhythms. Biol Rhythm Res. 2007;38(4):275–325.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Enright J. The search for rhythmicity in biological time-series. J Theor Biol. 1965;8(3):426–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sokolove PG, Bushell WN. The chi square periodogram: its utility for analysis of circadian rhythms. J Theor Biol. 1978;72(1):131–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Shono M, Shono H, Ito Y, Muro M, Maeda Y, Sugimori H. A new periodogram using one-way analysis of variance for circadian rhythms. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;54(3):307–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Marino M, Li Y, Rueschman MN, Winkelman JW, Ellenbogen JM, Solet JM, Dulin H, et al. Measuring sleep: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography. Sleep. 2013;36(11):1747–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Littner M, Kushida CA, Anderson WM, Bailey D, Berry RB, Davila DG, et al. Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms: an update for 2002. Sleep. 2003;26(3):337–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Morgenthaler TI, Lee-Chiong T, Alessi C, Friedman L, Aurora N, Boehlecke B, et al. Standards of Practice Committee of the AASM. Practice parameters for the clinical evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep. 2007;30(11):1445–59.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Aschoff J, Fatranská M, Giedke H, Doerr P, Stamm D, Wisser H. Human circadian rhythms in continuous darkness: entrainment by social cues. Science. 1971;171(3967):213–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Oh JH, Yoo H, Park HK, Do YR. Analysis of circadian properties and healthy levels of blue light from smartphones at night. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11325.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Higgins PA, Winkelman C, Lipson AR, Guo SE, Rodgers J. Light measurement in the hospital: a comparison of two methods. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(1):120–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mason IC, Boubekri M, Figueiro MG, Hasler BP, Hattar S, Hill SM, et al. Circadian health and light: a report on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s workshop. J Biol Rhythms. 2018;33(5):451–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Kräuchi K, Cajochen C, Werth E, Wirz-Justice A. Alteration of internal circadian phase relationships after morning versus evening carbohydrate-rich meals in humans. J Biol Rhythms. 2002;17(4):364–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bonmati-Carrion MA, Middleton B, Revell V, Skene DJ, Rol MA, Madrid JA. Circadian phase assessment by ambulatory monitoring in humans: correlation with dim light melatonin onset. Chronobiol Int. 2014;31(1):37–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Benloucif S, Burgess HJ, Klerman EB, Lewy AJ, Middleton B, Murphy PJ, et al. Measuring melatonin in humans. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4(1):66–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Molina TA, Burgess HJ. Calculating the dim light melatonin onset: the impact of threshold and sampling rate. Chronobiol Int. 2011;28(8):714–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Voultsios A, Kennaway DJ, Dawson D. Salivary melatonin as a circadian phase marker: validation and comparison to plasma melatonin. J Biol Rhythms. 1997;12(5):457–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rahman SA, Kayumov L, Tchmoutina EA, Shapiro CM. Clinical efficacy of dim light melatonin onset testing in diagnosing delayed sleep phase syndrome. Sleep Med. 2009;10(5):549–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Keijzer H, Smits MG, Duffy JF, Curfs LM. Why the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) should be measured before treatment of patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2014;18(4):333–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Gierse A. Quaeniam sit ratio caloris organici, M. D. Thesis. 1842. Halle.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kräuchi K. How is the circadian rhythm of core body temperature regulated? Clin Auton Res. 2002;12(3):147–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Coyne MD, Kesick CM, Doherty TJ, Kolka MA, Stephenson LA. Circadian rhythm changes in core temperature over the menstrual cycle: method for noninvasive monitoring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000;279(4):R1316–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Takekawa H, Miyamoto M, Miyamoto T, Yokota N, Hirata K. Alteration of circadian periodicity in core body temperatures of patients with acute stroke. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;56(3):221–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Carpenter JS, Robillard R, Hermens DF, Naismith SL, Gordon C, Scott EM, et al. Sleep-wake profiles and circadian rhythms of core temperature and melatonin in young people with affective disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;94:131–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lilly JK, Boland JP, Zekan S. Urinary bladder temperature monitoring: a new index of body core temperature. Crit Care Med. 1980;8(12):742–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lefrant JY, Muller L, de La Coussaye JE, Benbabaali M, Lebris C, Zeitoun N, et al. Temperature measurement in intensive care patients: comparison of urinary bladder, oesophageal, rectal, axillary, and inguinal methods versus pulmonary artery core method. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29(3):414–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Niven DJ, Gaudet JE, Laupland KB, Mrklas KJ, Roberts DJ, Stelfox HT. Accuracy of peripheral thermometers for estimating temperature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(10):768–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Huang M, Tamura T, Tang Z, Chen W, Kanaya S. A wearable thermometry for core body temperature measurement and its experimental verification. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2017;21(3):708–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hasselberg MJ, McMahon J, Parker K. The validity, reliability, and utility of the iButton® for measurement of body temperature circadian rhythms in sleep/wake research. Sleep Med. 2013;14(1):5–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Nakano T, Koyama E, Imai T, Hagiwara H. Circadian rhythm estimation by core body temperature filtered with simultaneously recorded physiological data. Methods Inf Med. 1997;36(4–5):306–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Jones CR, Campbell SS, Zone SE, Cooper F, DeSano A, Murphy PJ, et al. Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome: a short-period circadian rhythm variant in humans. Nat Med. 1999;5(9):1062–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Jones CR, Huang AL, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Genetic basis of human circadian rhythm disorders. Exp Neurol. 2013;243:28–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hirano A, Shi G, Jones CR, Lipzen A, Pennacchio LA, Xu Y, et al. A Cryptochrome 2 mutation yields advanced sleep phase in humans. Elife. 2016;5:pii:e16695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. He Y, Jones CR, Fujiki N, Xu Y, Guo B, Holder JL Jr, et al. The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals. Science. 2009;325(5942):866–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang L, Jones CR, Ptacek LJ, Fu YH. The genetics of the human circadian clock. Adv Genet. 2011;74:231–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Akashi M, Soma H, Yamamoto T, et al. Noninvasive method for assessing the human circadian clock using hair follicle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:15643–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Kolodyazhniy V, Späti J, Frey S, Götz T, Wirz-Justice A, Kräuchi K, et al. Estimation of human circadian phase via a multi-channel ambulatory monitoring system and a multiple regression model. J Biol Rhythms. 2011;26(1):55–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sim SY, Joo KM, Kim HB, Jang S, Kim B, Hong S, et al. Estimation of circadian body temperature rhythm based on heart rate in healthy, ambulatory subjects. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2017;21(2):407–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kräuchi K, Wirz-Justice A. Circadian rhythm of heat production, heart rate, and skin and core temperature under unmasking conditions in men. Am J Physiol. 1994;267(3 Pt 2):R819–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katherine M. Sharkey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

LaBarbera, V.A., Sharkey, K.M. (2020). Physiologic Methods of Assessment Relevant to Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. In: Auger, R. (eds) Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43803-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43803-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-43802-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-43803-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics