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Meteorology of the Antarctic

  • Chapter
Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere

Part of the book series: Meteorological Monographs ((METEOR))

Abstract

The great antarctic ice sheets and the surrounding Southern Ocean environs are large heat sinks in the global energy budget. Their geographical position limits the amount of solar insolation incident at the surface at such latitudes, and the high reflectivity of the ice fields of the Antarctic continent reduces the effective heating (see Carleton 1992). There are pronounced differences between the north and south polar regions. The Northern Hemisphere polar region consists essentially of an ice-covered ocean surrounded by continental landmasses, while the Southern Hemisphere features a continental landmass about the pole surrounded by an ocean. The most significant consequence of the vastly differing polar geographies is that the meridional temperature gradients become enhanced in the SH, resulting in a semipermanent baroclinic zone surrounding Antarctica and in effect thermally isolating the Antarctic continent to a degree unparalleled in the NH. As a result, Antarctica experiences the coldest and most harsh climate on earth. The intensified temperature contrast also supports a large west-to-east thermal wind component. Upper-tropospheric westerlies, which circumscribe the Antarctic continent, are considerably stronger than their NH counterparts (Schwerdtfeger 1984, pp. 223–226).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, USA

    David H. Bromwich

  2. Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, USA

    Thomas R. Parish

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  1. David H. Bromwich
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  1. Meteorology CRC, Monach University, 3168, Clayton, Vic, Australia

    David J. Karoly

  2. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, 1397 Civil Engineering Building, 47907-1397, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Dayton G. Vincent

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Bromwich, D.H., Parish, T.R. (1998). Meteorology of the Antarctic. In: Karoly, D.J., Vincent, D.G. (eds) Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere. Meteorological Monographs. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-10-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-10-2_7

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