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The lower atmosphere of the polar regions

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Zusammenfassung

Alfred Wegener begann das Studium der freien Polaratmosphäre mit über 100 Drachen- und Fesselballonaufstiegen auf Höhen über 3000 m bei Danmarkshavn in Nordgrönland während der Jahre 1906–1909. Von diesem Anfang entwickelte sich die Polaraerologie durch eine Reihe ähnlicher Lokalstudien bis zum ersten vollständigen Beobachtungsnetz der freien Atmosphäre während des IGY (1956–8). Während des allmählichen Ersatzes dieses Systems durch Fernmessungen von Satelliten aus wurde die angesammelte Polarinformation gründlich analysiert; eine Reihe von umfassenden Berichten wird angeführt. Die hier behandelten Studien wären für Wegener von besonderem Interesse gewesen, da sie die Energiebilanz der Oberfläche und die Polarinversion, den katabatischen Wind und das Schneetreiben, und das Aerosol der Polaratmosphäre betreffen.

Abstract

Alfred Wegener initiated the study of the free polar atmosphere with more than 100 kite and tether balloon soundings to above 3000 m at Danmarkshavn, North Greenland, during 1906–09. From this beginning polar aerology advanced through a series of similar point studies to the first full upper air network during the IGY (1957/8). While its replacement by satellite remote sensing is gradually taking shape, the accumulated polar information has been thoroughly analyzed; a series of comprehensive accounts is referenced. The aspects singled out for this review are themes that would have been of special interest to Wegener — the surface energy balance and the polar inversion, the katabatic winds and snow drift, and the aerosols of the polar atmosphere.

Résumé

C'est Alfred Wegener qui a commencé l'étude de l'atmosphère polaire par des sondages à l'aide de cerfs-volants et de ballons attachés jusqu'à une hauteur de 3000 m. à Danmarks-Havn au Groenland nord, de 1906 à 1909. Après ce début l'aérologie polaire se développa sur la base d'études locales jusqu'à l'établissement d'un premier réseau de stations d'observations pendant l'année géophysique internationale 1957–58. La recherche exposée ici aurait probablement intéressé Wegener car elle se rapporte à la balance énergétique de surface et à l'inversion polaire, aux vents katabatiques, à le chasse neige et aux aérosols de l'atmosphère polaire.

Краткое содержание

А. Вегенер начал изуче ние свободной полярн ой атмосферы, поднимаяс ь в аэростате до высоты в 3000 м в районе Данмарсга вена, северная Гренландия в 1906 и 1909 гг. С тех пор начин ается полярная аэрол огия, ознаменовавшаяся рядом дальнейших исс ледований до образов ания первой полной сети наблю дений верхних слоев атмосф еры в Международном Геофизическом Году 1957/58. Теперь эта система д ополняется наблюден иями с помощью спутников Земли. Приводимые дан ные были бы особенно и нтересны для Вегенера, т.к. они связаны с полярно й инверсией, Баллнсом поверхностиой энерг ии и с катабатическими вет рами, а также с перенос ом снега и аэрозолей полярной атмосферы.

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  1. Uwe Radok

    Present address: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (Cires), University of Colorado, 80309, Boulder, Colorado, USA

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    Radok, U. The lower atmosphere of the polar regions. Geol Rundsch 70, 703–724 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01822145

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